Demência e dor: reconhecimento e formas de abordagem
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Data
2018
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A demência é uma síndrome que afeta principalmente pessoas idosas, tal como a dor.
A avaliação da presença de dor resulta especialmente difícil na fase moderada-severa da
demência, tendo em conta as dificuldades de comunicação e as alterações comportamentais
frequentes neste estadio. Para auxiliar este processo, existem escalas de avaliação de dor: as
escalas de autoavaliação de dor, que se destinam a níveis de demência pouco severos, e
escalas de avaliação da dor observacionais não verbais, destinadas aos estadios mais severos,
que avaliam o comportamento dos doentes, baseadas em indicadores comportamentais
sugeridos pela American Geriatric Society. Apesar da existência de ferramentas de avaliação
da dor, os estudos são escassos e com amostras reduzidas, sendo necessárias amostras
alargadas com aplicação das escalas existentes para otimizar o uso das mesmas. A maior
sensibilização por parte dos profissionais de saúde resulta imprescindível, de modo a dor ser
reconhecida e tratada atempadamente. Só desta forma poderemos melhorar a qualidade de
vida numa doença tão devastadora como a demência cuja prevalência é crescente.
Este trabalho teve por base uma revisão bibliográfica com o objetivo de determinar
as formas de abordagem e reconhecimento da dor na demência. Foi feita uma análise crítica
das diversas escalas existentes e uma proposta para a avaliação da dor na demência baseada
na mesma.
Dementia is a syndrome that mainly affects older people, such as pain. The evaluation of the presence of pain is especially difficult in the moderate-severe phase of dementia, considering the difficulties of communication and the frequent behavioral changes in this stage. To aid in this process, there are pain assessment scales: the pain self-assessment scales, which are intended for low severity levels of dementia, and non-verbal observational pain assessment scales for the more severe stages, that assess patient behavior based on behavioral indicators suggested by the American Geriatric Society. Despite the existence of tools for evaluating pain, studies are scarce and with reduced specimens, requiring extensive samples with the application of existing scales to optimize their use. Greater awareness on the part of health professionals is essential, so that pain is recognized and threated in a timely manner. Only in this way can we improve the quality of life in a disease as devastating as dementia whose prevalence in increasing. This work was based on a bibliographical review with the objective of determining the ways of approaching and recognizing pain in dementia. A critical analysis of the various existing scales was made and a proposal for the evaluation of pain in dementia based on it.
Dementia is a syndrome that mainly affects older people, such as pain. The evaluation of the presence of pain is especially difficult in the moderate-severe phase of dementia, considering the difficulties of communication and the frequent behavioral changes in this stage. To aid in this process, there are pain assessment scales: the pain self-assessment scales, which are intended for low severity levels of dementia, and non-verbal observational pain assessment scales for the more severe stages, that assess patient behavior based on behavioral indicators suggested by the American Geriatric Society. Despite the existence of tools for evaluating pain, studies are scarce and with reduced specimens, requiring extensive samples with the application of existing scales to optimize their use. Greater awareness on the part of health professionals is essential, so that pain is recognized and threated in a timely manner. Only in this way can we improve the quality of life in a disease as devastating as dementia whose prevalence in increasing. This work was based on a bibliographical review with the objective of determining the ways of approaching and recognizing pain in dementia. A critical analysis of the various existing scales was made and a proposal for the evaluation of pain in dementia based on it.
Descrição
Orientação: Ana Maria Herrero Valverde
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, DEMÊNCIA, DOR, MUDANÇA COMPORTAMENTAL, AVALIAÇÃO DA DOR, PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, DEMENTIA, PAIN, BEHAVIOUR CHANGE, PAIN EVALUATION