Anatomofisiologia da mama feminina, oncogenes, influencia da nutrição, meio ambiental, hábitos : o estado da arte
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2021
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O cancro da mama é uma neoplasia maligna que se desenvolve nas células mamárias e nos dutos excretores dos ácinos, e que se caracteriza pelo seu crescimento
anormal.
Esta doença é mais frequente nas mulheres, e tem vindo a aumentar ao longo
dos anos, sendo a segunda principal causa de morte em todo o mundo.
Muitas mulheres apresentam um risco elevado de ter cancro devido aos factores de risco associados. Alguns desses factores podem ser modificados, como o
sedentarismo, a alimentação pouco saudável e a obesidade após a menopausa. No
entanto, existem outros que não podem ser alterados, como o caso da hereditariedade.
Durante muitos anos, tem-se vindo a estudar as mutações que ocorrem nos genes responsáveis pelo cancro com caraterísticas hereditárias, como o BRCA1 e BRCA2.
O diagnóstico precoce é essencial para aumentar a probabilidade de um
melhor prognóstico.
Após este diagnóstico, é fundamental realizar mais exames para que se possa fazer a classificação segundo o sistema TNM e assim otimizar a escolha do tratamento.
A prevenção para o aparecimento do cancro da mama pode ser feita através de algumas medidas essenciais, limitando o consumo a certos alimentos, ser mais ativo e ter um estilo de vida mais saudável.
Breast cancer is a malignant neoplasm that is formed in the breast cells and in the excretory ducts of the acini, and that is characterized by its abnormal growth. This disease is more common in women, and has been increasing over the years, being the second leading cause of death worldwide. Many women are at high risk for cancer due to the associated risk factors. Some factors can be modified, such as physical inactivity, unhealthy eating and obesity after menopause. However, there are others that cannot be changed, such as heredity. For many years, it has been studied as mutations that occur in the genes responsible for cancer with hereditary characteristics, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. Early diagnosis is essential to increase the likelihood of a better prognosis. After this diagnosis, it is essential to carry out further tests in order to be able to classify according to the TNM system and thus optimize the choice of treatment. Prevention for the appearance of breast cancer can be done through some essential measures, limiting the consumption of certain foods, being more active and having a healthier lifestyle.
Breast cancer is a malignant neoplasm that is formed in the breast cells and in the excretory ducts of the acini, and that is characterized by its abnormal growth. This disease is more common in women, and has been increasing over the years, being the second leading cause of death worldwide. Many women are at high risk for cancer due to the associated risk factors. Some factors can be modified, such as physical inactivity, unhealthy eating and obesity after menopause. However, there are others that cannot be changed, such as heredity. For many years, it has been studied as mutations that occur in the genes responsible for cancer with hereditary characteristics, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. Early diagnosis is essential to increase the likelihood of a better prognosis. After this diagnosis, it is essential to carry out further tests in order to be able to classify according to the TNM system and thus optimize the choice of treatment. Prevention for the appearance of breast cancer can be done through some essential measures, limiting the consumption of certain foods, being more active and having a healthier lifestyle.
Descrição
Orientação: Anabela Pereira Neves
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, CANCRO DA MAMA, FISIOLOGIA HUMANA, ANATOMIA HUMANA, CANCRO, ANATOMOFISIOLOGIA, PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, BREAST CANCER, HUMAN ANATOMY, HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY, CANCER, ANATOMOPHYSIOLOGY, GENE BRCA