Carga de treino, fadiga neuromuscular e bem-estar em atletas de elite de voleibol masculino durante um mesociclo da temporada desportiva
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2023
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O voleibol de elite tem apresentado quadros competitivos cada vez mais congestionados com
implicações significativas na carga de treino. Uma parte significativa das sessões de treino
implicam exercícios de alta intensidade, com tarefas de salto, que são responsáveis por induzir
danos musculares, elevados níveis de fadiga e dor muscular. O presente estudo tem como
objetivo quantificar e analisar as cargas interna e externa de treino, a fadiga neuromuscular e
bem-estar auto-percecionado de um mesociclo de cinco semanas da temporada desportiva de
uma equipe profissional de voleibol masculino. Para o presente estudo foram considerados 15
jogadores profissionais de voleibol masculino com média de idade de 28,51 ± 5,39 anos, altura:
193,19 ± 9,87 cm, massa corporal: 88,46 ± 13,18 kg. O tempo total das sessões de treino foi
calculado considerando o aquecimento, parte principal e retorno à calma. Os microciclos
competitivos foram analisados em relação ao número de dias que antecedem o dia do jogo (i.e.,
“match day”). Os dias que antecedem o dia de jogo foram nomeados dia de jogo menos (-) ou
match day (-). A perceção subjetiva de esforço foi utilizada como indicador de carga interna e
a contagem de saltos e a energia cinética média enquanto indicadores de carga externa. A fadiga
neuromuscular foi analisada através do salto com contra-movimento (CMJ) e o bem-estar auto percecionado foi obtido por questionário. Através dos resultados do presente estudo, foi
possível identificar um decréscimo da carga interna nos microciclos e um comportamento
ondulatório para carga externa dos mesmos. A monotonia do treino aumentou a cada microciclo
e surge associada negativamente com pico de potência do CMJ(r =-0,681; p<0,05). Finalmente,
a qualidade de sono (ρ= -0.747, p < 0.01) e fadiga (ρ= -0.789, p < 0.01) apresentaram uma
associação negativa com carga externa de treino semanal. De acordo com os resultados obtidos,
podemos concluir que os aumentos dos valores de monotonia do treino se associam à redução
do pico de potência no CMJ. Com efeito, a monitorização e controlo da monotonia do treino
será um dos aspetos a ter em conta no processo de treino em jogadores de voleibol profissional.
Outro achado importante é associação negativa entre a qualidade de sono e fadiga com a carga
externa, ou seja, aumentos significativos e agudos de da carga externa, no processo de treino,
podem implicar alterações na qualidade de sono e fadiga de atletas de voleibol de elite.
Palavra-chave: desportos coletivos; periodização; monitorização; carga interna e externa de
treino; perceção subjetiva de esforço; saltos; recuperação
Elite volleyball is undergoing trough increasingly congested competitive frameworks with significant implications for training load. Most high-intensity bouts of exercise in volleyball consist of jumping activities, which are responsible for inducing muscle damage, high levels of fatigue, and muscle soreness. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to quantify and analyse the training loads, neuromuscular fatigue, and perceptual well-being of a 5-week in season mesocycle carried out by a professional male volleyball team. Fifteen volleyball players (age 28.51 ± 5.39 years; height 193.19 ± 9.87 cm; body mass 88.46 ± 13.18 kg) participated in this study. Internal training load assessed through the rating of perceived exertion, external training load (ETL; evaluated using an inertial motion unit), countermovement jump (CMJ) height and peak power, and wellness questionnaire responses were obtained from all athletes. Results indicated a progressive decrease of the internal training load during the week and by the undulatory pattern of the ETL during the microcycles. Moreover, training monotony increased across the microcycles and was negatively associated with CMJ peak power (r = - 0.681, p < 0.05). Finally, sleep quality (ρ = -0.747, p < 0.01) and fatigue (ρ = -0.789, p < 0.01) were negatively associated with weekly ETL. This study indicated that sleep quality and fatigue were negatively associated with weekly ETL. Therefore, decreases in weekly ETL might be needed to improve sleep quality and decrease fatigue in professional volleyball players. Plus, higher values of training monotony were associated with lower values of CMJ peak power. Consequently, avoiding training monotony might be important to improve jumping performance in professional volleyball athletes. Keywords: team sports; periodization; monitoring; internal and external training load; rating of perceived exertion; jump performance; recovery
Elite volleyball is undergoing trough increasingly congested competitive frameworks with significant implications for training load. Most high-intensity bouts of exercise in volleyball consist of jumping activities, which are responsible for inducing muscle damage, high levels of fatigue, and muscle soreness. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to quantify and analyse the training loads, neuromuscular fatigue, and perceptual well-being of a 5-week in season mesocycle carried out by a professional male volleyball team. Fifteen volleyball players (age 28.51 ± 5.39 years; height 193.19 ± 9.87 cm; body mass 88.46 ± 13.18 kg) participated in this study. Internal training load assessed through the rating of perceived exertion, external training load (ETL; evaluated using an inertial motion unit), countermovement jump (CMJ) height and peak power, and wellness questionnaire responses were obtained from all athletes. Results indicated a progressive decrease of the internal training load during the week and by the undulatory pattern of the ETL during the microcycles. Moreover, training monotony increased across the microcycles and was negatively associated with CMJ peak power (r = - 0.681, p < 0.05). Finally, sleep quality (ρ = -0.747, p < 0.01) and fatigue (ρ = -0.789, p < 0.01) were negatively associated with weekly ETL. This study indicated that sleep quality and fatigue were negatively associated with weekly ETL. Therefore, decreases in weekly ETL might be needed to improve sleep quality and decrease fatigue in professional volleyball players. Plus, higher values of training monotony were associated with lower values of CMJ peak power. Consequently, avoiding training monotony might be important to improve jumping performance in professional volleyball athletes. Keywords: team sports; periodization; monitoring; internal and external training load; rating of perceived exertion; jump performance; recovery
Descrição
Orientação: João Alberto Valente dos Santos
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM TREINO DESPORTIVO, DESPORTO, SPORTS, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, TREINO DESPORTIVO, SPORTS COACHING, DESPORTOS COLETIVOS, TEAM SPORTS, VOLEIBOL, VOLLEYBALL, FATOR DE CARGA, LOAD FACTOR, HIFT, FADIGA, FATIGUE, RECUPERAÇÃO FÍSICA, PHYSICAL RECOVERY