Envelhecimento e sociabilidades nos espaços da cidade: modos de romper a solidão
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2013
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A presente dissertação de mestrado é um estudo exploratório e compreensivo do fenómeno da solidão, que problematiza a relação entre o envelhecimento e as sociabilidades, em contextos actuais de vida de pessoas idosas a viver sós.
Entende-se que a tentativa de definir solidão de forma única e definitiva é um risco onde se perdem os múltiplos rostos de significados, simbologias e vivências diversas das pessoas idosas. A solidão é um sentimento que se revela de forma diferenciada e única em cada pessoa, pelo que perceber a heterogeneidade do significado persegue a diversidade de formas de sentir e viver a solidão, bem como os diferentes modos de romper e de encontrar alternativas para ultrapassar a situação de isolamento.
A investigação apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, concretizada sobretudo através da observação focalizada nos espaços de estar e conviver e na análise de histórias de vida narradas pelos próprios sujeitos entrevistados. A pesquisa empírica privilegiou o significado que oito pessoas idosas, residentes na cidade de Lisboa, Freguesia de Benfica, atribuem às suas situações de vida, aos contextos sociais e espaciais e às actividades que frequentam em ambientes institucionais.
A solidão nas pessoas idosas é um fenómeno social das sociedades modernas que é sobretudo afectado pela ausência de convivialidades e sociabilidades. Através dos testemunhos obtidos constatou-se a importância que têm os espaços de lazer, sobretudo quando a pessoa fica só, na medida em que quebram o isolamento e permitem criar ou retomar laços de amizade e de proximidade social. Efectivamente, os resultados revelam que a solidão nas pessoas idosas é provocada essencialmente pela ausência de laços sociais e amicais. As narrativas discursivas evidenciam que a interacção com os pares e a procura por locais de convivialidade são vivências essenciais que transmitem bem-estar, apoio e segurança rompendo a solidão. No dizer das pessoas idosas, ao usufruir de espaços de sociabilidade, estabelecem novas amizades, realizam actividades de que gostam, procuram uma valorização pessoal e social, readquirem a capacidade e a vontade de programar e de concretizar objectivos e preenchem positivamente o seu tempo.
This work intends to be an exploratory and comprehensive study of the loneliness phenomenon achieved by questioning the relation between growing old and the social actions, in actual contexts of elderly people living alone. The attempt to define loneliness as a one of a kind and definitive form is seen as a risk and a way of losing the multiple faces of significant figures, symbolic meanings and life experiences of the different elderly persons. Loneliness is a feeling that shows itself in a different and unique way in each person so understanding the heterogeneity of its significance pursues the diversity of the forms of feeling and living this solitude, as well as the different ways of breaking out and finding alternative ways to surpass the situation. The investigation presents a qualitative and exploratory approach, achieved mainly through the observation of the spaces where elderly persons live and interact and in the analysis of life stories told by the subjects interviewed. The empirical research was based on the significance which eight elderly persons, residing in the city of Lisbon, Freguesia de Benfica, give to their own life situations, the social and location contexts and the activities they practice while in institutional environments. Loneliness in elderly persons is a social phenomenon of modern societies which is mainly influenced by the absence of conviviality and sociability. Throughout the testimonies obtained one can observe the importance of the leisure spaces, especially when the person remains alone, because these spaces break the isolation and allow the elderly person to bond once again through friendships and social proximity. In reality, the results reveal that loneliness in elderly persons is caused mainly by the absence of those bonds. Their speeches make it evident that interaction with their peers and the search of places to interact leisurely are essential to transmit well-being, support and safety, thus breaking their sense of solitude. In their own words, while sharing these spaces, they establish new friendships, perform enjoyable activities, look for personal and social value, reacquire the capacity and the will to program and achieve objectives and use their time positively.
This work intends to be an exploratory and comprehensive study of the loneliness phenomenon achieved by questioning the relation between growing old and the social actions, in actual contexts of elderly people living alone. The attempt to define loneliness as a one of a kind and definitive form is seen as a risk and a way of losing the multiple faces of significant figures, symbolic meanings and life experiences of the different elderly persons. Loneliness is a feeling that shows itself in a different and unique way in each person so understanding the heterogeneity of its significance pursues the diversity of the forms of feeling and living this solitude, as well as the different ways of breaking out and finding alternative ways to surpass the situation. The investigation presents a qualitative and exploratory approach, achieved mainly through the observation of the spaces where elderly persons live and interact and in the analysis of life stories told by the subjects interviewed. The empirical research was based on the significance which eight elderly persons, residing in the city of Lisbon, Freguesia de Benfica, give to their own life situations, the social and location contexts and the activities they practice while in institutional environments. Loneliness in elderly persons is a social phenomenon of modern societies which is mainly influenced by the absence of conviviality and sociability. Throughout the testimonies obtained one can observe the importance of the leisure spaces, especially when the person remains alone, because these spaces break the isolation and allow the elderly person to bond once again through friendships and social proximity. In reality, the results reveal that loneliness in elderly persons is caused mainly by the absence of those bonds. Their speeches make it evident that interaction with their peers and the search of places to interact leisurely are essential to transmit well-being, support and safety, thus breaking their sense of solitude. In their own words, while sharing these spaces, they establish new friendships, perform enjoyable activities, look for personal and social value, reacquire the capacity and the will to program and achieve objectives and use their time positively.
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Orientação: Marília Andrade
Palavras-chave
SERVIÇO SOCIAL, GERONTOLOGIA SOCIAL, IDOSOS, SOLIDÃO, ENVELHECIMENTO, SOCIALIZAÇÃO, SOCIAL WORK, SOCIAL GERONTOLOGY, ELDERLY, LONELINESS, AGEING, SOCIALIZATION, MESTRADO EM GERONTOLOGIA SOCIAL