Associação entre a satisfação/frustração das necessidades psicológicas básicas a motivação e o envolvimento nos praticantes de CrossFit
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2022
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Objetivo: No contexto do CrossFit, este estudo teve como objetivo explorar 1) os efeitos da
prática de CrossFit em diversas variáveis motivacionais chave da teoria da autodeterminação
(TAD) e 2) as associações entre a satisfação/frustração das necessidades psicológicas básicas
(NPB) e o tipo de motivação e o envolvimento nas aulas de CrossFit.
Método: Numa primeira fase foi elaborada uma revisão rápida e sistemática de literatura com
base em estudos experimentais e observacionais que analisaram a relação entre as variáveis da
motivação e bem-estar e o treino de alta intensidade. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de
dados PubMed e PsycINFO, e teve como referência o modelo PICOS. Realizou-se uma
pesquisa dos estudos publicados até 2020. Numa segunda fase foi elaborado um estudo
observacional transversal constituído por praticantes de CrossFit (n=107). Os fatores
sociodemográficos, a satisfação e frustração das necessidades psicológicas básicas, as
motivações e o envolvimento dos praticantes foram avaliados através de um questionário
online na plataforma Google Forms. Posteriormente, foram feitas análises de correlação de
Spearman.
Resultados: Na revisão sistemática foram incluídos dezasseis (16) artigos que cumpriram os
critérios de elegibilidade. Os resultados mostraram que a adesão e a continuação da prática do
treino de alta intensidade (onde se incluíram maioritariamente praticantes de CrossFit) estavam
relacionadas com aspetos psicológicos como as motivações autónomas e a satisfação das
necessidades psicológicas básicas. No estudo empírico os resultados mostraram que uma maior
satisfação das necessidades de competência e de relacionamento positivo estavam associadas
a motivações mais autónomas, não se verificando associações significativas com a satisfação
da autonomia. A satisfação das necessidades de competência e relacionamento positivo
mostraram-se positivamente associadas a todas as subdimensões do envolvimento. Não se
identificaram associações com a satisfação da autonomia. No que respeita à frustração, os
resultados mostraram que a frustração das três necessidades psicológicas básicas teve uma
associação negativa com as motivações mais autónomas e com o envolvimento na prática do
CrossFit.
Conclusões: A adesão e a continuação da prática do treino de alta intensidade (representada
maioritariamente por praticantes de CrossFit) relacionaram-se com aspetos psicológicos como
a motivação autónoma e a satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas. Uma maior
satisfação da competência e do relacionamento positivo mostrou-se associada à motivação
autónoma e envolvimento em praticantes de CrossFit. É importante criar um clima de suporte à autonomia no contexto do CrossFit, a fim de se obter um compromisso mais saudável e
durador com a prática desta modalidade.
Palavras-Chave: motivação, fatores psicológicos, teoria da autodeterminação, crossfit, HIFT,
HIIT.
Aim: In the context of CrossFit, this study aimed to explore 1) the effects of CrossFit practice on several key motivational variables of Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and 2) the associations between satisfaction/frustration of basic psychological needs (BPN) and motivation type and engagement in CrossFit classes. Method: In a first phase, a rapid and systematic literature review was prepared based on experimental and observational studies that analysed the relationship between psychological variables and high intensity training. The search was conducted in PubMed and PsycINFO and was based on the PICOS model. A search was conducted for studies published until 2020. In a second phase, a cross-sectional observational study was developed with a sample of CrossFit participants (n=107). Demographic questions, satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs, motivation and engagement were assessed through an online questionnaire using the Google Forms platform. Spearman's correlation analyses were conducted. Results: In the systematic review, sixteen articles met the eligibility criteria and were included. Results showed that adherence and length of HIIT (which mostly included CrossFit practitioners) were associated with psychological aspects such as autonomous motivation and satisfaction of basic psychological needs. In the cross-sectional observational study, the results showed that high satisfaction of competence and relatedness needs were associated with more autonomous motivations. No significant associations with autonomy have been found. Competence and relatedness satisfaction were positively associated with all subdimensions of engagement. No significant associations with autonomy have been found. Regarding need frustration, results showed that frustration of the three BPN was negatively associated with more autonomous motivations and engagement in CrossFit classes. Conclusions: Adherence and maintenance of HIIT practice (which mostly included CrossFit practitioners) are related to psychological aspects such as autonomous motivation and satisfaction of basic psychological needs. Higher satisfaction of competence and relatedness needs was associated with autonomous motivation and engagement in CrossFit participants. It is highly relevant to create a need-supportive climate in CrossFit settings to promote a healthier and sustainable compromise with the practice of this modality. Key words: motivation, psychological factors, self-determination theory, Crossfit, HIFT, HIIT.
Aim: In the context of CrossFit, this study aimed to explore 1) the effects of CrossFit practice on several key motivational variables of Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and 2) the associations between satisfaction/frustration of basic psychological needs (BPN) and motivation type and engagement in CrossFit classes. Method: In a first phase, a rapid and systematic literature review was prepared based on experimental and observational studies that analysed the relationship between psychological variables and high intensity training. The search was conducted in PubMed and PsycINFO and was based on the PICOS model. A search was conducted for studies published until 2020. In a second phase, a cross-sectional observational study was developed with a sample of CrossFit participants (n=107). Demographic questions, satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs, motivation and engagement were assessed through an online questionnaire using the Google Forms platform. Spearman's correlation analyses were conducted. Results: In the systematic review, sixteen articles met the eligibility criteria and were included. Results showed that adherence and length of HIIT (which mostly included CrossFit practitioners) were associated with psychological aspects such as autonomous motivation and satisfaction of basic psychological needs. In the cross-sectional observational study, the results showed that high satisfaction of competence and relatedness needs were associated with more autonomous motivations. No significant associations with autonomy have been found. Competence and relatedness satisfaction were positively associated with all subdimensions of engagement. No significant associations with autonomy have been found. Regarding need frustration, results showed that frustration of the three BPN was negatively associated with more autonomous motivations and engagement in CrossFit classes. Conclusions: Adherence and maintenance of HIIT practice (which mostly included CrossFit practitioners) are related to psychological aspects such as autonomous motivation and satisfaction of basic psychological needs. Higher satisfaction of competence and relatedness needs was associated with autonomous motivation and engagement in CrossFit participants. It is highly relevant to create a need-supportive climate in CrossFit settings to promote a healthier and sustainable compromise with the practice of this modality. Key words: motivation, psychological factors, self-determination theory, Crossfit, HIFT, HIIT.
Descrição
Orientação: Eliana Cristina Veiga Carraça ; coorientação: Marlene Nunes Silva
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM EXERCÍCIO E BEM-ESTAR, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, DESPORTO, MOTIVAÇÃO, BEM-ESTAR PSICOLÓGICO, TEORIA DA AUTODETERMINAÇÃO, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SPORT, MOTIVATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING, SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY, CROSSFIT, HIIT, HIFT