Prevenção e resolução de conflitos e gestão pós–conflitos em África: princípios básicos
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Data
2008
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Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
Resumo
Nas quatro últimas décadas, a África tem estado envolvida em mais conflitos, na
maioria sangrentos e prolongados, que qualquer outro Continente. Todavia, a
determinação da liderança política e da sociedade civil na construção da paz, da
segurança e da reconciliação com justiça social numa parte importante do Continente
africano, permite-nos concluir que nos últimos cinco anos houve mais países a alcançar
uma paz com inclusão em África, mesmo que por vezes ainda instável, do que
reacendimento de novos conflitos. Mesmo assim, a pobreza extrema estrutural, a
desigualdade social crescente, a criminalidade elevada, a corrupção generalizada, a
instabilidade política e económica, a má distribuição dos recursos, bem como a pressão
demográfica, constituem os principais factores geradores de uma paz “instável” com
processos frágeis de reconciliação. Por isso, as diferenças étnicas, culturais e religiosas
têm, nestes países, tendência a acentuar, aumentando o risco de conflitos. A solução
está, na generalidade dos casos, na realização de eleições livres, honestas e regulares
que garantam, não só a participação plena das populações a todos os níveis da vida
política, económica, social e institucional, mas, também, a igual distribuição dos
benefícios da paz e da riqueza dos seus países, através de uma boa governação com
segurança, criação de emprego e inclusão social.
Este artigo analisa três aspectos:
1. Prevenção, gestão e resolução de conflitos
1.1. Introdução
1.2. As causas dos conflitos
2. Da paz com inclusão à boa governação com criação de emprego e justiça
social
3. Princípios básicos para uma eficaz gestão pós-conflito
In the last four decades, Africa has been involved in more conflicts, the majority of which have been violent and long, than any other Continent. However, the determination of the political leadership and the civilian society in building peace, security and reconciliation with social justice in an important part of the african Continent, leads us to the conclusion that during the last five years more countries have reached peace with inclusion in Africa, even if at times still unstable, than rekindling of new conflicts. Nevertheless, structural extreme poverty, growing social inequality, high level of criminality, generalized corruption, political and economic instability, unequal distribution of resources, as well as demographic pressure, constitute the principal factors of generating an “unstable” peace with fragile process of reconciliation. Therefore, the ethnic, cultural and religious differences in these countries have a tendency of intensifying, increasing the risk of conflicts. The solution is, in most cases, the realization of free, fair and regular elections that guarantee, not only the full participation of the population at all levels of political, economic, social and institucional life, but, furthermore, the equal distribution of the benefits brought by peace and by the wealth of their countries, through good governance with security, creation of jobs and social inclusion. This article analyses three main aspects: 1. Prevention, management and resolution of conflicts 1.1. Introduction 1.2. The causes of conflicts 2. From peace with inclusion to good governance with creation of jobs and social justice 3. Basic principles for an efficient post-conflict management
In the last four decades, Africa has been involved in more conflicts, the majority of which have been violent and long, than any other Continent. However, the determination of the political leadership and the civilian society in building peace, security and reconciliation with social justice in an important part of the african Continent, leads us to the conclusion that during the last five years more countries have reached peace with inclusion in Africa, even if at times still unstable, than rekindling of new conflicts. Nevertheless, structural extreme poverty, growing social inequality, high level of criminality, generalized corruption, political and economic instability, unequal distribution of resources, as well as demographic pressure, constitute the principal factors of generating an “unstable” peace with fragile process of reconciliation. Therefore, the ethnic, cultural and religious differences in these countries have a tendency of intensifying, increasing the risk of conflicts. The solution is, in most cases, the realization of free, fair and regular elections that guarantee, not only the full participation of the population at all levels of political, economic, social and institucional life, but, furthermore, the equal distribution of the benefits brought by peace and by the wealth of their countries, through good governance with security, creation of jobs and social inclusion. This article analyses three main aspects: 1. Prevention, management and resolution of conflicts 1.1. Introduction 1.2. The causes of conflicts 2. From peace with inclusion to good governance with creation of jobs and social justice 3. Basic principles for an efficient post-conflict management
Descrição
Africanologia : Revista Lusófona de Estudos Africanos
Palavras-chave
AFRICANOLOGIA, CONFLITOS ARMADOS, AFRICAN CULTURAL STUDIES, ARMED CONFLICTS, ESTUDOS LUSÓFONOS, ESTUDOS AFRICANOS, DESENVOLVIMENTO AFRICANO, RESOLUÇÃO DE CONFLITOS, JUSTIÇA SOCIAL, CRIAÇÃO DE EMPREGOS, LUSOPHONE STUDIES, AFRICAN STUDIES, AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT, CONFLICT RESOLUTION, SOCIAL JUSTICE, JOB CREATION