Estudo das patologias de betão armado em edifícios: : identificação e tratamento
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Data
2021
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Atualmente, temos vindo a assistir a um crescimento da construção civil, tendo-se observado que o recurso a estruturas de betão armado e produtos de betão pré-fabricados são
soluções construtivas muito utilizadas. Contudo, também se verifica um vasto número de edificações que apresentam patologias nas suas soluções construtivas. Desta forma, o presente trabalho discorre sobre as principais patologias de betão ocorrentes em edificações, tendo como
objetivo estudar as suas características, causas e metodologias de reabilitação, de forma a evitar que os mesmos problemas venham a acontecer no futuro. As manifestações patológicas trazem transtornos não só para o dono de obra, mas também para o construtor, pois os custos de uma
eventual intervenção posterior a uma entrega de obra, são maiores se comparados aos custos de uma execução bem-feita. A primeira parte desta dissertação irá abordar os conceitos gerais relacionados ao tema como: o que é o betão armado, as suas características e definição do que é patologia. Em seguida, irá apresentar-se os principais tipos de patologias, suas causas, recuperação e mecanismos para o seu diagnóstico. Serão ainda apresentados alguns estudos de casos reais, com registos fotográficos das diferentes patologias encontradas. Em seguida será exposto às causas das anomalias e as suas medidas de reparação. A metodologia utilizada na primeira parte foi uma revisão bibliográfica com base em documentos científicos e na segunda parte foi realizado um trabalho de campo através da observação de patologias em edifícios localizados ao redor de Lisboa, Vale do Tejo e Alentejo. Desta forma foi feito uma análise pelo
método GUT com o intuito de classificar a gravidade, urgência e a tendência de cada manifestação encontrada e uma análise estatística dos resultados que foram recolhidos. Como
principais resultados, as patologias que observei com maior número foram fissuras e corrosão de armadura. Portando, podemos constatar que esses resultados são devido à localização dos edifícios em ambientes agressivos próximo ao mar e aos erros ocorridos em fase de projeto ou
execução de obra.
Lately, we have been witnessing a growth in constructions with reinforced concrete structures and prefabricated concrete products which are widely used construction solutions. However, there is a vast number of buildings that have pathologies in their construction solutions. The present work discusses the main concrete pathologies occurring in buildings, with the objective of studying their characteristics, causes and methodologies of rehabilitation, in order to prevent the same problems from happening in the future. Pathological manifestations bring inconveniences not only for the developer but also for the builder. The costs of an eventual intervention after a delivery of work are higher when compared to the costs of a well-executed execution. The first part of this dissertation will address general concepts related to the theme such as: what is reinforced concrete, its characteristics and definition of what a pathology is. Then will be discussed the main types of pathologies, their causes, recovery and mechanisms for their diagnosis. Some real case studies will be used with photographic records of the different pathologies found. Ultimately the causes of the anomalies and their remedial measures will be presented. The methodology used in the first part was a bibliographic review based on scientific documents and in the second part was accomplished a fieldwork out through the observation of pathologies in buildings around Lisbon, Vale do Tejo and Alentejo. Therefore, an analysis was made by the GUT method in order to classify the severity, urgency and tendency of each manifestation found and a statistical analysis of the results that were collected. As main results, the pathologies that they observe with greater number were cracks and corrosion of reinforcement. Therefore, we can see that these results are due to the location of the buildings in aggressive environments close to the sea and to the errors that occurred during the project or construction execution.
Lately, we have been witnessing a growth in constructions with reinforced concrete structures and prefabricated concrete products which are widely used construction solutions. However, there is a vast number of buildings that have pathologies in their construction solutions. The present work discusses the main concrete pathologies occurring in buildings, with the objective of studying their characteristics, causes and methodologies of rehabilitation, in order to prevent the same problems from happening in the future. Pathological manifestations bring inconveniences not only for the developer but also for the builder. The costs of an eventual intervention after a delivery of work are higher when compared to the costs of a well-executed execution. The first part of this dissertation will address general concepts related to the theme such as: what is reinforced concrete, its characteristics and definition of what a pathology is. Then will be discussed the main types of pathologies, their causes, recovery and mechanisms for their diagnosis. Some real case studies will be used with photographic records of the different pathologies found. Ultimately the causes of the anomalies and their remedial measures will be presented. The methodology used in the first part was a bibliographic review based on scientific documents and in the second part was accomplished a fieldwork out through the observation of pathologies in buildings around Lisbon, Vale do Tejo and Alentejo. Therefore, an analysis was made by the GUT method in order to classify the severity, urgency and tendency of each manifestation found and a statistical analysis of the results that were collected. As main results, the pathologies that they observe with greater number were cracks and corrosion of reinforcement. Therefore, we can see that these results are due to the location of the buildings in aggressive environments close to the sea and to the errors that occurred during the project or construction execution.
Descrição
Orientação: Sandra Raquel Leite da Cunha ; coorientação: Elói João Faria Figueiredo
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM ENGENHARIA CIVIL, ENGENHARIA CIVIL, BETÃO, BETÃO ARMADO, PATOLOGIA, PREVENÇÃO, REABILITAÇÃO DE EDIFÍCIOS, CIVIL ENGINEERING, CONCRETE, REINFORCED CONCRETE, PATHOLOGY, PREVENTION, BUILDING REHABILITATION