Entre semelhanças e diferenças : uma análise discursiva comparada das políticas externas de Trump e Bolsonaro
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Com o crescimento do populismo nos últimos anos, surge a necessidade de debater cada vez mais seus impactos na sociedade como um todo. A política externa é um dos âmbitos mais impactados, pois líderes populistas tendem a adotar uma postura anti institucional e nacionalista. Os governos de Donald Trump e Jair Bolsonaro são exemplos de como o populismo interfere nas formulações das políticas internacionais de um país. A finalidade desta dissertação é analisar o discurso face as políticas externas adotadas por Trump nos Estados Unidos e Bolsonaro no Brasil, na tentativa de perceber suas semelhanças e diferenças. Para isso, percorro as definições do conceito de política externa sob a visão das teorias clássicas das relações internacionais e o conceito do populismo, apresentando a conexão entre eles. Posteriormente é analisado o histórico da política externa dos dois países e a postura dos dois líderes, finalizando com a sua comparação por meio de uma análise de discurso. A conclusão desta análise evidencia convergências na dimensão ideológica, retórica de soft power, posições multilaterais e postura em relação ao meio ambiente e divergências na estratégia de hard power entre o governo dos dois líderes.
With the rise of populism in recent years, there is a growing need to debate its impact on society. Foreign policy is one of the areas most affected, as populist leaders tend to adopt an anti-institutional and nationalist stance. The governments of Donald Trump and Jair Bolsonaro are examples of how populism interferes in the formulation of a country's international policies. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the discourse on foreign policies adopted by Trump in the United States and Bolsonaro in Brazil, to understand their similarities and differences. To do this, I go through the definitions of the concept of foreign policy from the point of view of the classical theories of international relations and the concept of populism, presenting the connection between them. Subsequently, the history of the foreign policy of both countries and the stance of the two leaders are analyzed, concluding with their comparison through a discourse analysis. The conclusion of this analysis shows convergences in the ideological dimension, soft power rhetoric, multilateral positions and stance on the environment, and divergences in the hard power strategy between the governments of the two leaders.
With the rise of populism in recent years, there is a growing need to debate its impact on society. Foreign policy is one of the areas most affected, as populist leaders tend to adopt an anti-institutional and nationalist stance. The governments of Donald Trump and Jair Bolsonaro are examples of how populism interferes in the formulation of a country's international policies. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the discourse on foreign policies adopted by Trump in the United States and Bolsonaro in Brazil, to understand their similarities and differences. To do this, I go through the definitions of the concept of foreign policy from the point of view of the classical theories of international relations and the concept of populism, presenting the connection between them. Subsequently, the history of the foreign policy of both countries and the stance of the two leaders are analyzed, concluding with their comparison through a discourse analysis. The conclusion of this analysis shows convergences in the ideological dimension, soft power rhetoric, multilateral positions and stance on the environment, and divergences in the hard power strategy between the governments of the two leaders.