Política de segurança e defesa para a Europa
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2016
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Depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial alguns países europeus deram início a um processo de integração económica e militar, em função da nova conjuntura e Sistema Internacional bipolar emergente.
Inspirados no inicial sucesso da integração económica, surgiram também ambiciosos projetos europeus para a área da defesa. No entanto, estes viriam a fracassar, o que elevou a Aliança Atlântica à condição de único meio de salvaguarda defensiva do continente.
Foi apenas na década de 90 que surgiu uma maior consciencialização para a necessidade de uma política externa e de defesa comum credíveis, face à sua crescente dimensão económica. Para o efeito ajudaram o consenso político alcançado para uma estratégia comum que objetivasse uma Comunidade Europeia mais segura e responsável, com um papel preponderante na segurança mundial.
Depois de várias adaptações, estas políticas sedimentaram a sua estrutura nos tratados modificativos da União Europeia, resultando na Política Comum de Segurança e Defesa institucionalizada no Tratado de Lisboa.
Embora os progressos feitos nesta área, os europeus continuam com dificuldades em operacionalizar as suas políticas de defesa por forma a resolver os problemas securitários que afetam o continente.
Os objetivos para a defesa têm sido travados pela falta de consenso no seio da União e pelo facto destas políticas possuírem um profundo caráter intergovernamental, sem orçamento e meios próprios.
O tema proposto analisa e reflete sobre a progressão destas políticas e os fatores que a condicionam.
After the Second World War, Europe began a process of military and economic integration in the emerging bipolar international political environment. Inspired by the success of this economic integration, ambitious European defense plans materialized. However, these efforts failed, which made the Atlantic Alliance the only means for defense of the European continent. Beginning in the 1990s, recurring foreign policy failures made European leaders realize their need for better consistency in foreign policy and common defense. This improved awareness of European leaders helped create political consensus in generating a strategy with the objective of a more secure and responsible Europe that would play a larger role in worldwide security. These policies materialized in the modified treaties of the European Union, although undergoing changes. These treaties culminated in the Treaty of Lisbon, which contains the Common Foreign Security Policy. Despite the progresses made in this area the europeans are struggling to operate their defense policies, so they can deal effectively with the security matters that affect the continent. The objectives for the defense had been stopped by a lack of more agreement, the fact that those policies are still in a very intergovernmental level plus a lack of instruments and budget. This paper will analyze the progress of these policies and will determine the factors that condition their success or failure.
After the Second World War, Europe began a process of military and economic integration in the emerging bipolar international political environment. Inspired by the success of this economic integration, ambitious European defense plans materialized. However, these efforts failed, which made the Atlantic Alliance the only means for defense of the European continent. Beginning in the 1990s, recurring foreign policy failures made European leaders realize their need for better consistency in foreign policy and common defense. This improved awareness of European leaders helped create political consensus in generating a strategy with the objective of a more secure and responsible Europe that would play a larger role in worldwide security. These policies materialized in the modified treaties of the European Union, although undergoing changes. These treaties culminated in the Treaty of Lisbon, which contains the Common Foreign Security Policy. Despite the progresses made in this area the europeans are struggling to operate their defense policies, so they can deal effectively with the security matters that affect the continent. The objectives for the defense had been stopped by a lack of more agreement, the fact that those policies are still in a very intergovernmental level plus a lack of instruments and budget. This paper will analyze the progress of these policies and will determine the factors that condition their success or failure.
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Orientação: António Almeida Tomé
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MESTRADO EM DIPLOMACIA E RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS, CIÊNCIA POLÍTICA, DIPLOMACIA, RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS, POLÍTICA DE SEGURANÇA, POLÍTICA DE DEFESA, POLÍTICA COMUNITÁRIA, SEGURANÇA EXTERNA, DEFESA NACIONAL, POLITICAL SCIENCE, DIPLOMACY, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, SECURITY POLICY, DEFENSE POLICY, EUROPEAN UNION POLICY, FOREIGN SECURITY, NATIONAL DEFENCE