Caracterização da apresentação clínica da uropatia obstrutiva felina : sinais clínicos e alterações laboratoriais e imagiológicas em 20 pacientes
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2016
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A uropatia obstrutiva em gatos consiste em anormalidades na estrutura ou função do trato urinário provocadas pelo comprometimento do fluxo de urina, tendo como consequência efeitos locais ou sistémicos.
O presente estudo consistiu na caracterização de uma amostra de 20 animais presentes a consulta com uropatia obstrutiva no Hospital Veterinário Vasco da Gama. Destes, 13 animais apresentaram obstrução a nível uretral, trato urinário inferior (TUI), e 7 a nível renal ou ureteral, trato urinário superior (TUS). Observou-se que todos os animais com obstrução uretral eram machos, jovens entre 1 a 7 anos e de condição corporal (CC) alta. A principal etiologia de obstrução uretral foi os tampões uretrais seguida, da cistite idiopática felina. Na consulta de apresentação os achados ao exame físico foram específicos e as alterações laboratoriais encontradas nestes animais não foram consideráveis. Os achados observados na urianálise, estão associados há presença de cistite e infecção. Em obstruções no TUS não foi encontrada maior incidência em nenhum dos géneros. No entanto, observou-se uma maior incidência em animais mais velhos (7 a 10 anos). A principal etiologia observada foi os nefrólitos seguida dos ureterólitos. Os sinais clínicos evidenciados por estes animais à apresentação foram inespecíficos, tendo o diagnóstico sido realizado com recurso a ecografia e radiografia. As alterações ao hemograma não foram consideráveis, mas as alterações bioquímicas revelaram lesão renal. A densidade urinária específica apresentou-se inferior a
1.008 em 2 animais, indicativo de alterações na função tubular dos rins.
Neste estudo, observou-se que a obstrução no TUI afecta essencialmente gatos machos, jovens e de CC elevada. Contudo, o diagnóstico é relativamente fácil. Por ouro lado, os sinais clínicos apresentados na consulta por animais com obstrução no TUS são inespecíficos, pelo que a realização de exames imagiológicos pode ser importante. Ao contrário da obstrução no TUI, no TUS a maioria das lesões renais é irreversível e pode levar ao desenvolvimento de insuficiência renal crónica.
Obstructive uropathy in cats refers to abnormalities in structure or function of the urinary tract due to the compromise of the normal urine flow, which have local and systemic consequences. This study consisted in the characterization of a sample of 20 animals, which were presented to the Vasco da Gama Veterinary Hospital with obstructive uropathy. Of these, 13 animals had urethral obstruction, lower urinary tract level, and 7 renal or ureteral obstructions, upper urinary tract level. It was observed that all animals with urethral obstruction were male cats, young age (1 to 7 years) and with a high body condition. The main cause of urethral obstruction, were urethral plugs followed by feline idiopathic cystitis. The clinical findings found at presentation were specific. Alterations in the laboratory analisys were not signicant in these animals. The findings observed on urinalysis are associated with the presence of cystitis or infections. The upper urinary tract obstructions were not gebder associated, however, it was more prevalent in older animals (7 to 10 years). The main causes were nefroliths and ureteroliths. The clinical signs shown by these animals at presentation were nonspecific and the diagnosis was performed with ultrasound and radiography. Changes in cell blood count were not significant, but the biochemical changes revealed kidney damage. The urine specific density was less than 1,008 in 2 animals, indicative of changes in tubular function of the kidney. It was observed that obstruction in the lower urinary tract affects mainly male cats, young and with a high body condition. However, diagnosis is relatively easy. Moreover, clinical signs in animals presented with obstruction in the upper urinary tract are unspecific and therefore performing imaging studies can be important. Unlike the lower urinary tract obstructions, upper urinafy tract obstructions frequently results in irreversible renal injury and can lead to the development of chronic renal insufficiency.
Obstructive uropathy in cats refers to abnormalities in structure or function of the urinary tract due to the compromise of the normal urine flow, which have local and systemic consequences. This study consisted in the characterization of a sample of 20 animals, which were presented to the Vasco da Gama Veterinary Hospital with obstructive uropathy. Of these, 13 animals had urethral obstruction, lower urinary tract level, and 7 renal or ureteral obstructions, upper urinary tract level. It was observed that all animals with urethral obstruction were male cats, young age (1 to 7 years) and with a high body condition. The main cause of urethral obstruction, were urethral plugs followed by feline idiopathic cystitis. The clinical findings found at presentation were specific. Alterations in the laboratory analisys were not signicant in these animals. The findings observed on urinalysis are associated with the presence of cystitis or infections. The upper urinary tract obstructions were not gebder associated, however, it was more prevalent in older animals (7 to 10 years). The main causes were nefroliths and ureteroliths. The clinical signs shown by these animals at presentation were nonspecific and the diagnosis was performed with ultrasound and radiography. Changes in cell blood count were not significant, but the biochemical changes revealed kidney damage. The urine specific density was less than 1,008 in 2 animals, indicative of changes in tubular function of the kidney. It was observed that obstruction in the lower urinary tract affects mainly male cats, young and with a high body condition. However, diagnosis is relatively easy. Moreover, clinical signs in animals presented with obstruction in the upper urinary tract are unspecific and therefore performing imaging studies can be important. Unlike the lower urinary tract obstructions, upper urinafy tract obstructions frequently results in irreversible renal injury and can lead to the development of chronic renal insufficiency.
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Orientação : Daniel Murta
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, GATOS, CATS, DOENÇAS DO SISTEMA URINÁRIO, UROLOGIC DISEASES, VETERINARY MEDICINE, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, UROPATIA OBSTRUTIVA, OBSTRUCTIVE UROPATHY, FELÍDEOS, FELIDS