O impacto das experiências positivas na infância na prevenção do comportamento antissocial : uma revisão sistemática versão final
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2023
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A adversidade na infância é associada ao desenvolvimento de comportamentos antissociais,
contudo, as experiências positivas na infância podem ser fatores de proteção, potenciando
competências pró-sociais. Para melhor compreender o seu papel nas trajetórias de resiliência,
analisou-se o seu impacto no comportamento antissocial e reincidência na idade adulta. Os
critérios SPIDER orientaram a estratégia de pesquisa e incluíram-se todos os artigos
quantitativos, qualitativos e mistos, publicados no tema até à data, em inglês, português e
espanhol, com jovens e adultos. A pesquisa realizada nas bases de dados Academic Search
Complete, Web of Science, APA PsycInfo e Scopus, resultou em 1407 artigos, posteriormente
filtrados, dos quais oito foram incluídos neste estudo. A maioria dos estudos, realizados nos
Estados Unidos da América com jovens inseridos no sistema judicial, apontam o efeito protetor
e moderador das experiências positivas no comportamento antissocial e reincidência. As
relações familiares e sociais positivas parecem ser significativas, embora dois estudos não
tenham verificado uma diminuição dos efeitos da adversidade, mesmo perante algumas
experiências positivas. Este trabalho consolida o impacto das experiências positivas no
desenvolvimento ao longo da vida. Assim, intervir na população exposta à adversidade e
promover experiências positivas é essencial para prevenir comportamentos antissociais e
propiciar saúde mental.
Palavras-Chave: Experiências Positivas na Infância; Experiências Benevolentes;
Experiências Adversas na Infância; Comportamento Antissocial; Reincidência.
Childhood adversity is associated with the development of antisocial behavior, but positive childhood experiences can act as protective factors, enhancing pro-social skills. This systematic review analyzed positive experiences’ impact on antisocial behavior and recidivism in adulthood, in order to better understand their role in resilience trajectories. SPIDER criteria based the search strategy and included all quantitative, qualitative and mixed articles published on the subject to date, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, with young people and adults. The search carried out in the Academic Search Complete, Web of Science, APA PsycInfo and Scopus databases resulted in 1,407 articles, filtered afterwards, of which 8 were included in this study. Most of the studies, carried out in the United States of America with young people in the justice system, pointed to the protective and moderating effect of positive experiences on antisocial behavior and recidivism. Positive family and social relationships appeared to be significant, although two studies found no decrease in the effects of adversity, even in the face of some positive experiences. This work consolidatesthe impact of positive experiences on long-term development, therefore, intervening with people with a history of adversity and promoting positive experiences helps to anticipate antisocial behavior and promote mental health. Keywords: Positive Childhood Experiences; Benevolent Experiences; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Antisocial Behavior; Recidivism
Childhood adversity is associated with the development of antisocial behavior, but positive childhood experiences can act as protective factors, enhancing pro-social skills. This systematic review analyzed positive experiences’ impact on antisocial behavior and recidivism in adulthood, in order to better understand their role in resilience trajectories. SPIDER criteria based the search strategy and included all quantitative, qualitative and mixed articles published on the subject to date, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, with young people and adults. The search carried out in the Academic Search Complete, Web of Science, APA PsycInfo and Scopus databases resulted in 1,407 articles, filtered afterwards, of which 8 were included in this study. Most of the studies, carried out in the United States of America with young people in the justice system, pointed to the protective and moderating effect of positive experiences on antisocial behavior and recidivism. Positive family and social relationships appeared to be significant, although two studies found no decrease in the effects of adversity, even in the face of some positive experiences. This work consolidatesthe impact of positive experiences on long-term development, therefore, intervening with people with a history of adversity and promoting positive experiences helps to anticipate antisocial behavior and promote mental health. Keywords: Positive Childhood Experiences; Benevolent Experiences; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Antisocial Behavior; Recidivism
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Orientação: Cláudia Sofia Camilo
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA FORENSE, PSICOLOGIA, PSYCHOLOGY, PSICOLOGIA FORENSE, FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY, EMOÇÕES POSITIVAS, POSITIVE EMOTIONS, INFÂNCIA, CHILDHOOD, COMPORTAMENTO ANTISSOCIAL, ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, ADVERSIDADE, ADVERSITY