Associação entre a dependência do exercício e o burnout nos instrutores de fitness
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2012
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Objetivo: Numa primeira fase, aceder a literatura existente sobre a dependência do exercício e o burnout, seguindo de um estudo transversal analisando a associação da dependência do exercício ao burnout numa amostra de instrutores de fitness.
Métodos: Para a revisão sitemática foi realizada uma pesquisa exaustiva do tema preferencialmente nos motores de busca PsycINFO e Pubmed. Os dados foram trabalhados segundo o PRISMA. Para o estudo observacional, os instrutores responderam a um questionário que incluia questões como, dados demográficos, características do trabalho e do treino, bem como, as escalas de dependência do exercício (EDE-21), de motivação para a magreza (EDI-2), de motivação para um corpo musculado (DMS) e o inventário de burnout de Maslach (MBI). Obtivemos dados de 149 instrutores (71 homens e 78 mulheres), com uma média de idade de 31,20 (SD= 5,52) que lecionavam vários tipos de aulas no ginásio.
Resultados: Devido a escassez da literatura sobre a pesquisa pretendida, foram selecionados apenas sete artigos sobre a dependência do exercício e quatro sobre o burnout para a revisão sistemática da literatura. Do estudo transversal foi possível constatar que existe uma correlação da dependência do exercício com o burnout. Da amostra, 71,80% se enquadraram na classificação de não dependentes-sintomáticos, enquanto que no burnout, houve um número expressivo de indivíduos no grupo com burnout (65,8%; N= 100) na dimensão exaustão emocional.
Conclusão: Não foi encontrada literatura relatando a associação da dependência do exercício com o burnout. É apenas referida uma predominância para os sintomas da dependência do exercício nos indivíduos que estão envolvidos com o exercício físico. Enquanto que no burnout, os anos de experiência profissional, o perfil de perfeccionismo e o nível de satisfação face ao trabalho realizado, são apontados como alguns dos fatores que podem influenciar esta síndrome. De acordo com o estudo transversal, a dependência do exercício revelou-se significativamente correlacionada com a ocorrência de burnout, sendo que, os indivíduos enquadrados no grupo “com burnout” apresentaram sintomas de dependência do exercício.
Purpose: Initially, access to literature about exercise dependence and burnout, following a cross-sectional study aiming the association between exercise dependence on burnout in a sample of fitness class instructors. Methods: For the systematic review was conducted an exhaustive research of the subject preferably in PubMed and PsycINFO database. The data were analyzed according to PRISMA. For the observational study, the instructors completed a questionnaire that included questions such as, demographics, characteristics of labor and training, as well as scales of exercise dependence (EDE-21), drive for thinness (EDI-2), drive for muscularity (DMS) and the Maslach burnout inventory (MBI). We obtained data from 149 instructors (71 men and 78 women) with a mean age of 31.20 (SD = 5,52) who taught various classes at the gym. Results: Given the paucity of literature, for the systematic literature review, only seven articles were selected about the exercise dependence and four about burnout. In the cross-sectional study we observed that there is a correlation between exercise and burnout. Of the sample, 71.80% were classified in the classification of non-dependent symptomatic, while in burnout, there was a significant number of individuals in the group with burnout (65.8%, N = 100) in the emotional exhaustion dimension. Conclusion: There was no literature reporting the association of exercise dependence with burnout syndrome. It's just mentioned a higher prevalence of the exercise dependence symptoms in individuals who are frequently involved to exercise. For burnout, the years of professional experience, perfectionism profile and level of satisfaction are some of the factors that may influence this syndrome. According to the cross-sectional study, the exercise dependence was significantly correlated with the occurrence of burnout, whereas, individuals classified burned out group showed symptoms of exercise dependence.
Purpose: Initially, access to literature about exercise dependence and burnout, following a cross-sectional study aiming the association between exercise dependence on burnout in a sample of fitness class instructors. Methods: For the systematic review was conducted an exhaustive research of the subject preferably in PubMed and PsycINFO database. The data were analyzed according to PRISMA. For the observational study, the instructors completed a questionnaire that included questions such as, demographics, characteristics of labor and training, as well as scales of exercise dependence (EDE-21), drive for thinness (EDI-2), drive for muscularity (DMS) and the Maslach burnout inventory (MBI). We obtained data from 149 instructors (71 men and 78 women) with a mean age of 31.20 (SD = 5,52) who taught various classes at the gym. Results: Given the paucity of literature, for the systematic literature review, only seven articles were selected about the exercise dependence and four about burnout. In the cross-sectional study we observed that there is a correlation between exercise and burnout. Of the sample, 71.80% were classified in the classification of non-dependent symptomatic, while in burnout, there was a significant number of individuals in the group with burnout (65.8%, N = 100) in the emotional exhaustion dimension. Conclusion: There was no literature reporting the association of exercise dependence with burnout syndrome. It's just mentioned a higher prevalence of the exercise dependence symptoms in individuals who are frequently involved to exercise. For burnout, the years of professional experience, perfectionism profile and level of satisfaction are some of the factors that may influence this syndrome. According to the cross-sectional study, the exercise dependence was significantly correlated with the occurrence of burnout, whereas, individuals classified burned out group showed symptoms of exercise dependence.
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Orientação: António Labisa Palmeira
Palavras-chave
DESPORTO, FITNESS, TREINADORES DESPORTIVOS, EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO, IMAGEM CORPORAL, SPORT, FITNESS, SPORTS COACHES, PHYSICAL EXERCISE, BODY IMAGE, BURNOUT, BURNOUT, MESTRADO EM EXERCÍCIO E BEM-ESTAR