Estudo sanitário apícola na região do Algarve baseado no PICOA 2019
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2020
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A abelha melífera é o polinizador mais importante do mundo, essencial à manutenção
dos ecossistemas e à produção agrícola. Nos últimos anos tem-se observado o aumento da
mortalidade de colónias de abelhas a nível mundial, motivada por diversos agentes
patogénicos. O Médico Veterinário desempenha um papel importante no controlo da sanidade
apícola, na produtividade, e na qualidade e inocuidade do produto final. A região do Algarve
destaca-se a nível nacional por ser a região com maior número de colmeias e apiários por
apicultor, sendo a região onde se localizam os apicultores de maior dimensão
(profissionalizados). O controlo sanitário dos apiários é fundamental para a viabilidade do
setor. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo sanitário nos apiários da
região do Algarve, tendo por base a implementação do Plano Integrado de Controlo Oficial de
Apiários (PICOA), de modo a identificar a presença de doenças nos apiários da região.
Foram recolhidas amostras de abelhas adultas e de favos de criação em 51 apiários,
distribuídos por todos os concelhos do Algarve. As amostras foram enviadas para análise no
laboratório de referência (Instituto Nacional de Investigação Veterinária - INIAV), em Lisboa.
A maioria dos apiários (72,5%) eram usados na apicultura transumante. Vinte e seis
apiários (51%) apresentaram duas doenças em simultâneo. A Varroose foi identificada em
todos os apiários com doença, de forma isolada (17,6%) ou em simultâneo com outras
doenças como a Nosemose (25,5%), a Ascosferiose (3,9%), a Senotainiose (19,6%), e a
Nosemose e a Senotainiose (11,8%). Vinte e oito apiários (54,9%) encontravam-se em
conformidade com a legislação aplicável (Grau de cumprimento 1). Vinte e dois apiários
(43,1%) apresentaram não conformidades de cariz documental que não colocam em causa a
saúde animal (Grau de cumprimento 2).
Foi possível concluir que transumância é uma prática comum dos apicultores da
região do Algarve. Todos os apiários com doença apresentavam Varroose, sendo uma doença
endémica no Algarve. Verificou-se que a Senotainiose, associada à Varroose e à Nosemose,
está presente nos apiários da região do Algarve. A deteção do grau de infeção das colónias
na análise laboratorial seria importante para a aplicação de um tratamento eficaz.
The honeybee is the most important pollinator worldwide, essential to the maintenance of ecosystems and agricultural production. In the last years there has been an increase in the mortality of bee colonies worldwide, motivated by several pathogens. Veterinarians play an important role in controlling bee health, productivity, and the quality and safety of the final product. The Algarve region stands out nationally for being the region with the highest number of hives and apiaries per beekeeper. The apiaries’ health control is essential for the viability of the sector. The present work aimed to carry out a health study in apiaries of the Algarve region, based on the implementation of the Integrated Plan for Official Control of Apiaries (PICOA), in order to identify the presence of diseases in apiaries of the region. Samples of adult bees and honeycombs were collected from 51 apiaries, placed across all the municipalities of the Algarve. The samples were sent for analysis at the reference laboratory (National Institute for Veterinary Research - INIAV), in Lisbon. Most apiaries (72.5%) were used in beekeeping transhumance. Twenty-six apiaries (51%) had two diseases simultaneously. Varroosis was identified in all apiaries with disease, in isolation (17.6%) or simultaneously with other diseases, such as Nosemosis (25.5%), Ascospherosis (3.9%), Senotainiosis (19.6%), and Nosemosis and Senotainiosis (11.8%). Twenty-eight apiaries (54.9%) were in compliance with the applicable legislation (Degree of compliance 1). Twenty-two apiaries (43.1%) presented documentary non-conformities not compromising animal health (Degree of compliance 2). It was possible to conclude that transhumance is a common practice of beekeepers in the region of Algarve. All apiaries with disease had Varroosis, being an endemic disease in the Algarve. Senotainiosis, associated with Varroosis and Nosemosis, is present in apiaries of the Algarve region. The detection of the degree of colony infection in laboratory analysis would be important for the application of an effective treatment.
The honeybee is the most important pollinator worldwide, essential to the maintenance of ecosystems and agricultural production. In the last years there has been an increase in the mortality of bee colonies worldwide, motivated by several pathogens. Veterinarians play an important role in controlling bee health, productivity, and the quality and safety of the final product. The Algarve region stands out nationally for being the region with the highest number of hives and apiaries per beekeeper. The apiaries’ health control is essential for the viability of the sector. The present work aimed to carry out a health study in apiaries of the Algarve region, based on the implementation of the Integrated Plan for Official Control of Apiaries (PICOA), in order to identify the presence of diseases in apiaries of the region. Samples of adult bees and honeycombs were collected from 51 apiaries, placed across all the municipalities of the Algarve. The samples were sent for analysis at the reference laboratory (National Institute for Veterinary Research - INIAV), in Lisbon. Most apiaries (72.5%) were used in beekeeping transhumance. Twenty-six apiaries (51%) had two diseases simultaneously. Varroosis was identified in all apiaries with disease, in isolation (17.6%) or simultaneously with other diseases, such as Nosemosis (25.5%), Ascospherosis (3.9%), Senotainiosis (19.6%), and Nosemosis and Senotainiosis (11.8%). Twenty-eight apiaries (54.9%) were in compliance with the applicable legislation (Degree of compliance 1). Twenty-two apiaries (43.1%) presented documentary non-conformities not compromising animal health (Degree of compliance 2). It was possible to conclude that transhumance is a common practice of beekeepers in the region of Algarve. All apiaries with disease had Varroosis, being an endemic disease in the Algarve. Senotainiosis, associated with Varroosis and Nosemosis, is present in apiaries of the Algarve region. The detection of the degree of colony infection in laboratory analysis would be important for the application of an effective treatment.
Descrição
Ana Faustino ; co-orientação: Cristina Ferradeira ; Joana Catita
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, APICULTURA, ABELHAS, DOENÇAS, ALGARVE, VETERINARY MEDICINE, APICULTURE, BEES , DISEASES, ALGARVE