Políticas públicas, dos direitos às práticas sociais : o autismo na perspectiva dos profissionais
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2021
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As práticas sociais constitucionalmente garantidas ainda não foram efetivadas às pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista – TEA. Essas questões ainda permanecem em campos obscuros e permeados de práticas insuficientes e distantes das garantias legais a estes designadas. A presença desse desfasamento entre a teoria e a prática está apontada em estudos anteriores, havendo, assim, emergente necessidade de procedimentos e novos estudos geradores de condições rumo ao desenvolvimento efetivo de tais processos. Objetivando analisar o que dizem os profissionais que atuam no atendimento/acompanhamento de pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista - TEA sobre os direitos, as políticas públicas existentes e processos de intervenção adotados para a evolução e inserção social e educacional desses, o presente estudo investigativo buscou identificar o que sabem os profissionais sobre os direitos previstos no arcabouço jurídico relativo às pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista - TEA, bem como conhecer os relatos dos profissionais sobre as práticas que consideram caracterizar as intervenções junto à essas pessoas, para depois comparar as garantias propostas na legislação com a efetivação observada nas falas dos referidos sujeitos. No estado da arte foram direcionados autores conceituados e pertinentes para constituição do estudo investigativo segundo as especificidades encontradas em cada capítulo e utilizadas documentações e legislações específicas para embasar as análises e questões legais apontadas neste. Tratou-se de investigação científica acadêmica de natureza qualitativa, via coleta de informações por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, analisadas com procedimentos metodológicos de Análise de Conteúdo, pautados em abordagem pragmática cujo objetivo esteve em investigar o possível para transformar. As análises das falas dos sujeitos entrevistados comprovaram o desfasamento existente, restando evidenciado que todos esses profissionais sofrem com as barreiras da inclusão social, não encontrando meios, modos ou oportunidades de desenvolvimento, destacando-se a necessidade quanto ao aprofundamento de políticas públicas adequadas para permear tais obstáculos, num unânime clamor por Educação. Com foco nas necessidades dos próprios profissionais, das pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista – TEA e suas famílias identificadas nas falas dos sujeitos, foram, ao final, ofertadas proposituras de políticas públicas adequadas, direcionadas às áreas jurídica, assistencial, clínica e educacional.
The constitutionally guaranteed social practices have not yet been made available to people with Autism Spectrum Disorder – ASD. These issues still remain silent and permeated by insufficient practices and distant from the legal guarantees assigned to them. The presence of this gap between theory and practice is pointed out in previous studies, thus, there is an emerging need for procedures and new studies that generate conditions towards the effective development of such processes. In order to analyze what the professionals working in the care/ monitoring of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder – ASD say about rights, existing public policies and intervention processes adopted for social and educational evolution and insertion of them, the present investigative study sought to identify what professionals know about the rights provided for in the legal framework relating to people with Autism Spectrum Disorder – ASD, as well as to know the professionals' reports about the practices that consider characterizing interventions with these people, to then compare the guarantees proposed in the legislation with the effectiveness observed in the statements of those interviewed. The theoretical basis was composed of renowned and relevant authors for the constitution of the investigative study according to the specificities found in each chapter and specific documentation and legislation were used to support their analyzes and legal issues. It was a qualitative scientific academic research, via information collection through semi-structured interviews, analyzed with methodological procedures for Content Analysis, based on a pragmatic approach whose objective was to investigate the possible to transform. The analysis of the interviewees' statements confirmed the existing gap, leaving evidence that all these professionals suffer from the barriers of social inclusion, not finding means, ways or opportunities for development, highlighting the need for deepening appropriate public policies to permeate such obstacles, in a unanimous cry for Education. Focused on the needs of the professionals themselves, the people with Autism Spectrum Disorder – ASD and their relatives identified in the interviewees' statements, ultimately, public policy proposals directed to the legal, assistance, clinical and educational areas were offered.
The constitutionally guaranteed social practices have not yet been made available to people with Autism Spectrum Disorder – ASD. These issues still remain silent and permeated by insufficient practices and distant from the legal guarantees assigned to them. The presence of this gap between theory and practice is pointed out in previous studies, thus, there is an emerging need for procedures and new studies that generate conditions towards the effective development of such processes. In order to analyze what the professionals working in the care/ monitoring of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder – ASD say about rights, existing public policies and intervention processes adopted for social and educational evolution and insertion of them, the present investigative study sought to identify what professionals know about the rights provided for in the legal framework relating to people with Autism Spectrum Disorder – ASD, as well as to know the professionals' reports about the practices that consider characterizing interventions with these people, to then compare the guarantees proposed in the legislation with the effectiveness observed in the statements of those interviewed. The theoretical basis was composed of renowned and relevant authors for the constitution of the investigative study according to the specificities found in each chapter and specific documentation and legislation were used to support their analyzes and legal issues. It was a qualitative scientific academic research, via information collection through semi-structured interviews, analyzed with methodological procedures for Content Analysis, based on a pragmatic approach whose objective was to investigate the possible to transform. The analysis of the interviewees' statements confirmed the existing gap, leaving evidence that all these professionals suffer from the barriers of social inclusion, not finding means, ways or opportunities for development, highlighting the need for deepening appropriate public policies to permeate such obstacles, in a unanimous cry for Education. Focused on the needs of the professionals themselves, the people with Autism Spectrum Disorder – ASD and their relatives identified in the interviewees' statements, ultimately, public policy proposals directed to the legal, assistance, clinical and educational areas were offered.
Descrição
Orientação: Ana Maria Benavente da Silva Nuno
Palavras-chave
DOUTORAMENTO EM EDUCAÇÃO, EDUCAÇÃO, POLÍTICA PÚBLICA, AUTISMO, EDUCATION, PUBLIC POLICY, AUTISM, PRÁTICAS PROFISSIONAIS, PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES