Bagaço de uva : atividade antimicrobiana
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A resistência aos antimicrobianos constitui um dos principais desafios atuais para a saúde pública global e evidencia a necessidade de desenvolver estratégias terapêuticas novas, eficazes e sustentáveis. O bagaço de uva (Vitis vinifera L.), subproduto abundante da indústria vitivinícola, é particularmente rico em polifenóis e outros compostos bioativos com reconhecido potencial antimicrobiano. Esta revisão sistemática qualitativa, conduzida de acordo com as diretrizes PRISMA, teve como objetivo avaliar criticamente as atividades antibacterianas, antifúngicas e antivirais dos extratos de bagaço de uva e explorar as suas potenciais aplicações biomédicas. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada na base de dados PubMed, a 24 de agosto de 2024, utilizando os descritores “Vitis vinifera L.” AND “grape pomace”. Foram incluídos estudos originais que avaliassem a atividade antimicrobiana de extratos de bagaço de uva recorrendo a metodologias in vitro padronizadas e com controlos adequados. Dos 529 registos inicialmente identificados, 170 cumpriram os critérios de elegibilidade e foram incluídos na síntese qualitativa. Cerca de 60% dos estudos reportaram atividade antibacteriana significativa contra bactérias Gram-positivas, em particular Staphylococcus aureus e Enterococcus faecalis, enquanto aproximadamente 40% demonstraram efeitos sobre bactérias Gram-negativas como Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp. Adicionalmente, 27,6% dos trabalhos evidenciaram atividade antifúngica relevante, sobretudo contra Candida albicans, e um conjunto menor, mas consistente, de estudos demonstrou efeitos antivirais, incluindo a inibição de HSV-1 e SARS-CoV-2. Os compostos fenólicos, nomeadamente antocianinas, flavonoides, taninos e resveratrol, foram identificados como principais responsáveis por estes efeitos, atuando através da desorganização da membrana celular, interferência no metabolismo microbiano, inibição da formação de biofilmes e modulação dos processos de entrada e replicação viral. Globalmente, o bagaço de uva emerge como uma fonte sustentável e versátil de compostos bioativos, com aplicações promissoras em formulações farmacêuticas, alimentares e cosméticas, embora sejam necessários estudos in vivo adicionais e a padronização dos métodos de extração e caracterização para sustentar a sua translação para a prática clínica e industrial.
Antimicrobial resistance is a major global public health challenge, and highlights the need for new, effective, and sustainable therapeutic strategies. Grape pomace (Vitis vinifera L.), an abundant by-product of the wine industry, is rich in polyphenols and other bioactive compounds with recognized antimicrobial potential. This systematic review, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, aimed to critically assess the antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral activities of grape pomace extracts and explore their potential biomedical applications. A structured search was performed in PubMed on 24 August 2024 using the terms “Vitis vinifera L.” AND “grape pomace”. Original studies evaluating the antimicrobial activity of grape pomace extracts with standardized in vitro methods and appropriate controls were included. Of 529 records initially identified, 170 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Around 60% of the studies reported significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, while approximately 40% demonstrated effects against Gram-negative species such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. In addition, 27.6% of the studies described relevant anti-fungal activity, notably against Candida albicans, and a smaller but consistent body of evidence supported antiviral effects, including inhibition of HSV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Phenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins, flavonoids, tannins, and resveratrol, have been identified as the primary contributors to these effects, which act through the disruption of membrane integrity, interference with microbial metabolism, inhibition of biofilm formation, and modulation of viral entry and replication. Overall, grape pomace emerges as a sustainable and versatile source of bioactive compounds with promising applications in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic formulations, although further in vivo studies and standardization of extraction and characterization methods are needed to support its translation into clinical and industrial practice.
Antimicrobial resistance is a major global public health challenge, and highlights the need for new, effective, and sustainable therapeutic strategies. Grape pomace (Vitis vinifera L.), an abundant by-product of the wine industry, is rich in polyphenols and other bioactive compounds with recognized antimicrobial potential. This systematic review, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, aimed to critically assess the antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral activities of grape pomace extracts and explore their potential biomedical applications. A structured search was performed in PubMed on 24 August 2024 using the terms “Vitis vinifera L.” AND “grape pomace”. Original studies evaluating the antimicrobial activity of grape pomace extracts with standardized in vitro methods and appropriate controls were included. Of 529 records initially identified, 170 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Around 60% of the studies reported significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, while approximately 40% demonstrated effects against Gram-negative species such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. In addition, 27.6% of the studies described relevant anti-fungal activity, notably against Candida albicans, and a smaller but consistent body of evidence supported antiviral effects, including inhibition of HSV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Phenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins, flavonoids, tannins, and resveratrol, have been identified as the primary contributors to these effects, which act through the disruption of membrane integrity, interference with microbial metabolism, inhibition of biofilm formation, and modulation of viral entry and replication. Overall, grape pomace emerges as a sustainable and versatile source of bioactive compounds with promising applications in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic formulations, although further in vivo studies and standardization of extraction and characterization methods are needed to support its translation into clinical and industrial practice.
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PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, GRAPE POMACE, VITIVINICULTURE, ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS, ANTIVIRAL DRUGS, POLYPHENOLS, PHYTOCHEMICALS, DRUG RESISTANCE, CLINICAL PRACTICE, WINE INDUSTRY, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, BAGAÇO DE UVA, VITIVINICULTURA, ANTIMICROBIANOS, ANTIBACTERIANOS, ANTIFÚNGICOS, MEDICAMENTOS ANTIVIRAIS, POLIFENÓIS, COMPOSTOS FITOQUÍMICOS, RESVERATROL, RESISTÊNCIA AOS MEDICAMENTOS, PRÁTICA CLÍNICA, INDÚSTRIA VINÍCOLA