Diferenças inter-individuais na construção de falsas memórias
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2020
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Dada a suscetibilidade da memória aos erros, é de grande importância toda a investigação científica, de forma a detetar, analisar e adaptar estratégias para os evitar. Assim, a Psicologia do Testemunho surge com esse o intuito, de fazer uma análise científica dos processos psicológicos básicos, associados ao depoimento e testemunho dos sujeitos.
Com esta investigação pretendeu-se estudar as Falsas Memórias e como estas podem influir de forma negativa a memória das testemunhas, tendo por base traços de personalidade, género e raça/estereótipos raciais, enquanto variáveis potenciadores da criação de falsas memórias.
Participaram neste estudo 131 estudantes universitários (66 Negros, 65 Caucasianos), distribuídos por dois grupos (experimental vs. controlo), o que diferenciou cada grupo foram os vídeos expostos e as tarefas propostas, sendo que ao grupo experimental foi apresentado o vídeo de crime e a tarefa distratora (resumo com informação falsa), e ao grupo neutro foi apresentado um vídeo que retrata uma situação quotidiana.
Os instrumentos utilizados foram o IAT (influência de estereótipos raciais), escala de stresse – VAS, escala de personalidade – NEO-FFI, e questionários sobre os vídeos.
Em suma, os resultados revelaram que memória é falível e suscetível a fatores externos e internos. Destes, destaca-se como fatores internos a personalidade, mais especificamente a dimensão “Abertura à Experiência” que se manifesta através de uma maior propensão à formação de FM. E como fatores externos destacam-se a exposição a informação falsa e a ativação emocional – stresse, como potenciadores da criação de FM.
Given the susceptibility of memory to errors, all scientific research is of great importance, in order to detect, analyze and adapt strategies to avoid them. Thus, the Psychology of Testimony arises with this purpose, to make a scientific analysis of the basic psychological processes, associated with the testimony and his subjects. With this investigation it was intended to study False Memories and how they can negatively influence the memory of witnesses, based on personality traits, gender and racial/racial stereotypes,as variables that enhance the creation of false memories. 131 university students (66 Blacks, 65 Caucasians) participated in this study, they were distributed in two groups (experimental vs. control). Each group were exposed to different videos and tasks, which the crime video was presented to the experimental group with a distracting task (summary with false information), and the neutral group was presented with a video that portray a daily situation. The instruments used were the IAT (influence of racial stereotypes), stress scale - VAS, personality scale - NEO-FFI, and questionnaires about the videos. The results revealed that memory is unreliable and susceptible to external and internal factors. Of which stands out the personality as internal factors, more specifically the dimension “Openness to Experience” which is related to a higher propensity to the formation of FM. And as external factors, we have the exposure to false information and emotional activation - stress, as enhancers of FM creation.
Given the susceptibility of memory to errors, all scientific research is of great importance, in order to detect, analyze and adapt strategies to avoid them. Thus, the Psychology of Testimony arises with this purpose, to make a scientific analysis of the basic psychological processes, associated with the testimony and his subjects. With this investigation it was intended to study False Memories and how they can negatively influence the memory of witnesses, based on personality traits, gender and racial/racial stereotypes,as variables that enhance the creation of false memories. 131 university students (66 Blacks, 65 Caucasians) participated in this study, they were distributed in two groups (experimental vs. control). Each group were exposed to different videos and tasks, which the crime video was presented to the experimental group with a distracting task (summary with false information), and the neutral group was presented with a video that portray a daily situation. The instruments used were the IAT (influence of racial stereotypes), stress scale - VAS, personality scale - NEO-FFI, and questionnaires about the videos. The results revealed that memory is unreliable and susceptible to external and internal factors. Of which stands out the personality as internal factors, more specifically the dimension “Openness to Experience” which is related to a higher propensity to the formation of FM. And as external factors, we have the exposure to false information and emotional activation - stress, as enhancers of FM creation.
Descrição
Orientação: Laura Alho ; co-orientação: Pedro Rodrigues
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA FORENSE, PSICOLOGIA, FALSAS MEMÓRIAS, ESTEREÓTIPOS, PERSONALIDADE, GÉNERO, ETNIAS, PSYCHOLOGY, FALSE MEMORIES, STEREOTYPES, PERSONALITY, GENDER, ETHNIC GROUPS