A relação da preferência e tolerância pela intensidade do exercício em praticantes recreacionais de crossfit
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2022
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Objetivo. Os constructos preferência e tolerância podem ser considerados traços relevantes na
compreensão das relações entre a intensidade do exercício e diversas variáveis (e.g.,
divertimento, adesão ao exercício físico, vitalidade subjetiva e frequência) e o questionário -
Preferência e Tolerância à Intensidade do Exercício (PRETIE-Q) - tem sido utilizado para
melhor entender essas relações. O CrossFit caracteriza-se principalmente pela alta intensidade
a que é executado e, apesar de ser um programa de treino de grupo relativamente recente, o
número de praticantes tem tido um crescimento muito considerável nos últimos anos
estimando-se que existam cerca de cinco milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo a praticar
CrossFit. No entanto, as razões que levam as pessoas a aderir e continar a praticar esta
modalidade independentemente da alta intensidade e das relações negativas que são conhecidas
entre treinar a essas intensidades e a resposta afetiva ao exercício, ainda não são claras. Assim,
a presente dissertação tem como objetivo geral compreender a relação da preferência e
tolerância pela intensidade do exercício físico numa população de praticantes recreacionais de
CrossFit. Para o efeito, dois estudos foram realizados, sendo o primeiro uma revisão sistemática
de literatura na qual o objetivo passou pela análise da utilidade e viabilidade da utilização da
preferência e tolerância que advém da PRETIE-Q na regulação de práticas de exercício. Em
relação ao segundo estudo (um estudo observacional transversal), foram definidos três
objetivos: (1) caracterizar o perfil de preferência e tolerância pela intensidade do exercício
físico em praticantes recreacionais de CrossFit; (2) analisar a concordância dos traços de
intensidade com a intensidade do treino atualmente desenvolvido; (3) analisar a relação entre
os perfis de concordância e seus efeitos de moderação entre o divertimento, vitalidade subjetiva,
intenção para continuar a praticar exercício e frequência semanal.
Método. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura no sentido de analisar a evidência
científica existente sobre a utilização do questionário Preference for and Tolerance of the
Intensity of Exercise Questionnaire (PRETIE-Q). Foram utilizadas as bases de dados PubMed,
SportDISCUS, PsycINFO e B-on (última pesquisa em Julho de 2022) e a revisão foi escrita
respeitando as recomendações do protocolo PRISMA. Foi também realizado um estudo
observacional transversal com uma amostra de 330 praticantes recreacionais de CrossFit de 15
boxes espalhadas pelo território nacional. Foram avaliados através de questionários
psicométricos, a preferência pela intensidade do exercício, a tolerância à intensidade do
exercício, o divertimento no exercício, a vitalidade subjetiva, a intenção para continuar a
praticar exercício, a frequência semanal, a qualidade da experiência no exercício e a
concordância dos traços de intensidade com a intensidade do exercício atual dos participantes.
Em termos de análise estatística, foram realizados testes descritivos, correlações de Pearson e
testes de moderação.
Resultados. Na revisão sistemática foram qualitativamente analisados 36 estudos publicados
entre 2005 e 2022, demonstrando os resultados que ambos os constructos (i.e., preferência e
tolerância) aparentam ser úteis e aplicáveis numa grande variedade de contextos de atividade
física, não tendo sido reportadas limitações relevantes. No estudo observacional transversal, os
resultados demonstram que os participantes apresentaram valores acima da média da escala
para preferência e tolerância (i.e., moderado a vigoroso), divertimento e vitalidade subjetiva.
Foram obtidos ainda valores muito altos para intenção e qualidade da experiência. Também a
concordância da preferência e concordância da tolerância apresentaram resultados muito altos
significando que o treino atual está de acordo com a preferência e tolerância da maioria dos
participantes. Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre a maioria das variáveis e nenhum
dos modelos testados mostrou efeitos de moderação.
Conclusão. Da revisão sistemática de literatura concluímos que os traços de preferência e
tolerância à intensidade do exercício parecem fornecer uma avaliação simples, mas útil nas
relações com outras variáveis em diversos contextos de atividade física. No estudo transversal
observacional, os resultados demonstram que os praticantes recreacionais de CrossFit
apresentam valores para preferência, tolerância e concordância dos traços com o treino atual
similares quando comparados com outros praticantes de atividades realizadas em intensidades
mais baixas, o que nos leva a concluir que os construtos preferência e tolerância devem ser
relacionados somente com as características individuais dos participantes e não com a atividade
que praticam.
Objective. The preference and tolerance constructs may be considered relevant traits for understanding the relationships between exercise intensity and several variables (e.g., enjoyment, exercise adherence, subjective vitality and frequency) and the preference for and tolerance of the intensity of exercise (PRETIE-Q) has been used to better understand those relationships. CrossFit is characterized mainly by the intensities present in its execution and, although it is a relatively recent training program, the number of participants had a considerable growth in the past few years estimating that about five million people worldwide practice CrossFit. Nonetheless, the reasons that lead people to adhere and continue practicing CrossFit, despite the high intensity and the known negative relationships between training at such intensities and affective responses, are yet unclear. That said, the present dissertation has the general objective of understanding the relationship between of preference and tolerance for exercise intensity in a population of recreational CrossFit participants. For that matter two studies were developed, being the first a systematic review aiming to analyze the utility and feasibility of the preference for and tolerance of exercise intensity constructs in physical activity settings. Regarding the second study (a cross-sectional study), we had three main objectives were: (1) to define the preference and tolerance profiles in CrossFit recreational participants; (2) to analyze the accordance of intensity-traits with the intensity of current training; (3) to analyze the relationship between the agreement profile and its moderation effects with enjoyment, vitality, intention, and frequency. Methods. A systematic review was made in order to analyze the existing evidence about the use of the Preference for and Tolerance of the Intensity of Exercise Questionnaire (PRETIE Q). To attain that objective, a broad search of the literature was conducted on the following databases: PubMed, SportDISCUS, PsycINFO and B-on (the last search was conducted in July 2022) and the systematic review was written following the recommendations by the PRISMA protocol. A cross-sectional study was also made with a sample of 330 recreational CrossFit participants enrolled in 15 boxes across the national territory. Preference for exercise intensity, tolerance to exercise intensity, exercise enjoyment, subjective vitality, intention to continue exercising, frequency, quality of the experience and intensity-trait agreement were assessed through psychometric questionnaires. In terms of statistical analysis, descriptive tests, Pearson correlations and moderation tests were performed. Results. The systematic review, qualitatively analyzed 36 studies published between 2005 and 2022, depicted results suggesting that both constructs (i.e.., preference and tolerance) appear to be useful and feasible in a broad variety of physical activity settings, and no relevant limitations were reported of its use. In the cross-sectional study, the results showed that participants demonstrated above midpoint score results for preference, tolerance, enjoyment and subjective while intention and quality of the experience depicted very high scores. Both preference agreement and tolerance-agreement showed positive results meaning that the intensity of most participants’ current training is in accordance with their preference and tolerance. Positive correlations were present between most of the variables and none of the tested models depicted moderation effect. Conclusion. From the systematic review, we can conclude that the preference and tolerance intensity traits appear to provide a simple but useful assessment in the relation with several physical activity outcomes. In the cross-sectional study, the results showed that CrossFit recreational participants depict similar intensity-trait preference/tolerance when compared with other non-HIIT activity participants suggesting that, these constructs should be related solely with the individuals’ characteristics and not with the activities in which they are enrolled.
Objective. The preference and tolerance constructs may be considered relevant traits for understanding the relationships between exercise intensity and several variables (e.g., enjoyment, exercise adherence, subjective vitality and frequency) and the preference for and tolerance of the intensity of exercise (PRETIE-Q) has been used to better understand those relationships. CrossFit is characterized mainly by the intensities present in its execution and, although it is a relatively recent training program, the number of participants had a considerable growth in the past few years estimating that about five million people worldwide practice CrossFit. Nonetheless, the reasons that lead people to adhere and continue practicing CrossFit, despite the high intensity and the known negative relationships between training at such intensities and affective responses, are yet unclear. That said, the present dissertation has the general objective of understanding the relationship between of preference and tolerance for exercise intensity in a population of recreational CrossFit participants. For that matter two studies were developed, being the first a systematic review aiming to analyze the utility and feasibility of the preference for and tolerance of exercise intensity constructs in physical activity settings. Regarding the second study (a cross-sectional study), we had three main objectives were: (1) to define the preference and tolerance profiles in CrossFit recreational participants; (2) to analyze the accordance of intensity-traits with the intensity of current training; (3) to analyze the relationship between the agreement profile and its moderation effects with enjoyment, vitality, intention, and frequency. Methods. A systematic review was made in order to analyze the existing evidence about the use of the Preference for and Tolerance of the Intensity of Exercise Questionnaire (PRETIE Q). To attain that objective, a broad search of the literature was conducted on the following databases: PubMed, SportDISCUS, PsycINFO and B-on (the last search was conducted in July 2022) and the systematic review was written following the recommendations by the PRISMA protocol. A cross-sectional study was also made with a sample of 330 recreational CrossFit participants enrolled in 15 boxes across the national territory. Preference for exercise intensity, tolerance to exercise intensity, exercise enjoyment, subjective vitality, intention to continue exercising, frequency, quality of the experience and intensity-trait agreement were assessed through psychometric questionnaires. In terms of statistical analysis, descriptive tests, Pearson correlations and moderation tests were performed. Results. The systematic review, qualitatively analyzed 36 studies published between 2005 and 2022, depicted results suggesting that both constructs (i.e.., preference and tolerance) appear to be useful and feasible in a broad variety of physical activity settings, and no relevant limitations were reported of its use. In the cross-sectional study, the results showed that participants demonstrated above midpoint score results for preference, tolerance, enjoyment and subjective while intention and quality of the experience depicted very high scores. Both preference agreement and tolerance-agreement showed positive results meaning that the intensity of most participants’ current training is in accordance with their preference and tolerance. Positive correlations were present between most of the variables and none of the tested models depicted moderation effect. Conclusion. From the systematic review, we can conclude that the preference and tolerance intensity traits appear to provide a simple but useful assessment in the relation with several physical activity outcomes. In the cross-sectional study, the results showed that CrossFit recreational participants depict similar intensity-trait preference/tolerance when compared with other non-HIIT activity participants suggesting that, these constructs should be related solely with the individuals’ characteristics and not with the activities in which they are enrolled.
Descrição
Orientação: Diogo dos Santos Teixeira
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM EXERCÍCIO E BEM-ESTAR, EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO, FITNESS, BEM-ESTAR, CROSSFIT, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, FITNESS, WELL-BEING, CROSSFIT