A gestão de sobrevivência no mercado informal de São Paulo em Luanda : o caso das zungueiras
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Em Angola, a economia informal apresenta-se, cada vez mais, como fazendo parte intrínseca
do modo de ser, estar e de viver da população. O recurso ao mundo informal é, no fundo, o
fruto de uma necessidade. O setor formal, abrange apenas 12% da população ativa, sendo
assim o setor informal é responsável pela obtenção de rendimentos de uma parte significativa
da população. A gestão estratégica é um processo no qual o individuo estabelece direções
estratégicas para alcançar a sobrevivência ou o êxito, por isso desenvolver uma gestão
estratégica significa, tomar medidas para garantir que haja uma preparação para enfrentar
situações inesperadas.
A pesquisa que se segue, tem como objetivo analisar o comportamento das Zungueiras e saber
de que forma é que a atuação destas contribui para a sobrevivência das suas famílias, através
de um estudo de caso realizado por meio de entrevistas e questionários aplicados as
zungueiras do mercado de São Paulo em Luanda.
Após a análise de resultados chegamos à conclusão que a maioria das mulheres que se dedica
a atividade informal é jovem com idades compreendidas entre 17 e 35 anos, tem pouca
instrução, possuem mais de quatro filhos, são casadas, vivem em agregados familiares com
mais de seis pessoas, também que o ingresso na economia informal constituí uma estratégia
de sobrevivência de forma a aumentar os rendimentos, face às dificuldades diárias e às
ineficiências das políticas públicas.
As Zungueiras veem no negócio informal uma boa estratégia para fazer face à necessidade de
sustentar as suas famílias, desenvolvem um empreendedorismo solidário, com respeito e
espírito de entreajuda em relação a quem enfrenta a mesma situação e corre os mesmos riscos.
Desta forma podemos afirmar que o seu modo de atuar possui características únicas, quer no
que respeita à forma de gestão, modo de produção, forma de proteção coletiva e objetivos.
Verificamos que entre as mais novas existe o desejo de passar para a economia formal,
aproveitando a sua experiência como comerciante e gestora.
In Angola, the informal economy is increasingly becoming an intrinsic part of the people's way of being, being and living. The recourse to the informal world is, in essence, the fruit of a necessity. The formal sector accounts for only 12% of the active population, so the informal sector is responsible for securing income for a significant part of the population. Strategic management is a process in which the individual establishes strategic directions to achieve survival or success, so developing strategic management means taking steps to ensure that there is preparedness to deal with unexpected situations. The research that follows, aims to analyze the behavior of Zungueiras and to know how their performance contributes to the survival of their families, through a case study conducted through interviews and questionnaires applied to market Zungueiras of São Paulo in Luanda. After analysing the results we came to the conclusion that the majority of women engaged in informal activity are young people between the ages of 17 and 35, have little education, have more than four children, are married, live in households with more than six people, also that entering the informal economy is a strategy of survival in order to increase incomes, given the daily difficulties and inefficiencies of public policies. Zungueiras see in the informal business a good strategy to face the need to support their families, develop an entrepreneurship of solidarity, with respect and a spirit of mutual help with those who face the same situation and run the same risks. In this way we can affirm that its way of acting has unique characteristics, as regards the form of management, mode of production, form of collective protection and objectives. We find that among the younger ones there is the desire to move to the formal economy, taking advantage of their experience as a trader and manager.
In Angola, the informal economy is increasingly becoming an intrinsic part of the people's way of being, being and living. The recourse to the informal world is, in essence, the fruit of a necessity. The formal sector accounts for only 12% of the active population, so the informal sector is responsible for securing income for a significant part of the population. Strategic management is a process in which the individual establishes strategic directions to achieve survival or success, so developing strategic management means taking steps to ensure that there is preparedness to deal with unexpected situations. The research that follows, aims to analyze the behavior of Zungueiras and to know how their performance contributes to the survival of their families, through a case study conducted through interviews and questionnaires applied to market Zungueiras of São Paulo in Luanda. After analysing the results we came to the conclusion that the majority of women engaged in informal activity are young people between the ages of 17 and 35, have little education, have more than four children, are married, live in households with more than six people, also that entering the informal economy is a strategy of survival in order to increase incomes, given the daily difficulties and inefficiencies of public policies. Zungueiras see in the informal business a good strategy to face the need to support their families, develop an entrepreneurship of solidarity, with respect and a spirit of mutual help with those who face the same situation and run the same risks. In this way we can affirm that its way of acting has unique characteristics, as regards the form of management, mode of production, form of collective protection and objectives. We find that among the younger ones there is the desire to move to the formal economy, taking advantage of their experience as a trader and manager.
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Orientação: António Costa