A ansiedade, o coping e a motivação: um estudo na modalidade de canoagem, disciplina de Slalom e velocidade
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2011
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O presente estudo tem como objectivo analisar os valores da ansiedade, do coping e da
motivação, em atletas da modalidade de canoagem, em função do estilo de canoagem, do
género e da idade. Nesse sentido, foram inquiridos um conjunto de atletas de canoagem
(n=112) em dois estilos diferentes, Slalom e Velocidade.
Este estudo recorreu aos instrumentos em versões portuguesas da Sport Anxiety Scale
(SAS) (R. E. Smith et al., 1990), Athletic Coping Skill Inventory (ACSI-28) (Smith, Smoll,
Ptacek e Schutz, 1995) e o The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) (Deci e Ryan, 1991).
Nos resultados obtidos para o estilo de canoagem praticado, não existem diferenças
significativas entre os atletas no estudo da ansiedade. Nas estratégias de coping existe um
valor marginalmente significativo, em que os atletas de Slalom apresentam uma melhor
definição de objectivos (T=1,86, p=,066). De referir uma diferença significativa de resultados
para os seguintes tipos de motivação: os atletas de Slalom apresentam maiores níveis de
Motivação Intrínseca do Saber (T=2,47, p=,015), Motivação Intrínseca para Realizar (T=2,21,
p=,029) e Motivação Intrínseca para Experimentar Estimulação (T=2,38, p=,019).
Nos resultados obtidos na comparação entre géneros, o género feminino apresentou
níveis significativamente superiores aos apresentados pelo género masculino na Ansiedade
Somática (T=5,16, p<,001) e Preocupação (T=4,35, p<,001). De referir as diferenças
significativas observadas no estudo das estratégias de coping, em que o género masculino se
destaca nas seguintes dimensões do ACSI-28, Confronto com a Adversidade (T=5,74,
p<,001), Treinabilidade (T=2,44, p=,016), Concentração (T=3,72, p<,001), Confiança e
Motivação para a Realização (T=2,74, p=,008), Formulação de Objectivos (T=2,95, p=,004),
Rendimento Máximo sobre Pressão (T=3,50, p<,001).
Nos resultados obtidos para a idade e da análise da ansiedade, os atletas com -18 anos
apresentam maiores índices de Preocupação (T=2,15, p=,034) e Desconcentração
(marginalmente significativo, T=1,98, p=,051). Nas estratégias de coping os atletas com +18
anos apresentam resultados significativamente inferiores na Treinabilidade (T=2,86, p=,005),
no Rendimento Máximo sobre Pressão (T=1,99, p=,049) e na Ausência de Preocupação
(T=3,28, p=,001). Para a motivação não observámos diferenças significativas, à excepção da
Motivação Extrínseca de Identificação (T=2,52, p=.013) e a Amotivação (T=2,82, p=,006),
com níveis consideravelmente superiores para os atletas com -18 anos.
The goal of the present study is to analyse values of anxiety, coping and motivation in athletes from the cannoning discipline, depending the style, gender and age. Therefore, inquiries were made to a group of cannoning athletes (n=112) of two different styles, slalom and sprint. This report was based on Portuguese versions of Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS) (R. E. Smith et al., 1990), Athletic Coping Skill Inventory (ACSI-28) (Smith, Smoll, Ptacek e Schutz, 1995) and The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) (Deci e Ryan, 1991). The results gathered from the cannoning style in analyses, there are no significant differences between athletes on the anxiety study. In coping strategies there is a marginal significant value, where the slalom athletes present a better goal definition (T=1,86; p=,066). It is important to point out the significant result’s differences for the following motivation types: the slalom athletes present the biggest levels of Intrinsic Motivation of Knowledge (T=2,47; p=,015) Intrinsic Motivation of Realization (T=2,21; p=,029) and Intrinsic Motivation to Stimulation Experience (T=2,38; p=,019). The results from gender comparison, the female gender presented superior significant levels of Somatic Anxiety (T=5,16; p<,001) and Worry (T=4,35, p<,001). It is important to mention the significant differences observed in the strategies of coping study, where male gender is at the forefront on the following dimensions of ACSI-28, Adversity Confrontation (T=5,74, p<,001), Trainability (T=2,44, p=,016), Concentration (T=3,72, p<,001), Confidence and Motivation for Realization (T=2,74, p=,008), Goals Formulation (T=2,95, p=,004), Maximum Efficiency Under Pressure (T=3,50, p<,001). The age and anxiety results, it is verified that athletes under 18 years old present bigger Worry levels (T=2,15, p=,034) and Concentration Disruption (marginally significant, T=1,98, p=,051). In coping strategies the athletes over 18 years old, presented significant inferior results in Trainability (T=2,86, p=,005), Maximum Efficiency Under Pressure (T=1,99, p=,049) and in Preoccupation Absence (T=3,28, p=,001). As far as motivation is concerned, there were no significant differences, except Excintric Identification Motivation (T=2,52, p=.013) and Amotivation (T=2,82, p=,006), with considerably higher superior levels in athletes under 18 years old.
The goal of the present study is to analyse values of anxiety, coping and motivation in athletes from the cannoning discipline, depending the style, gender and age. Therefore, inquiries were made to a group of cannoning athletes (n=112) of two different styles, slalom and sprint. This report was based on Portuguese versions of Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS) (R. E. Smith et al., 1990), Athletic Coping Skill Inventory (ACSI-28) (Smith, Smoll, Ptacek e Schutz, 1995) and The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) (Deci e Ryan, 1991). The results gathered from the cannoning style in analyses, there are no significant differences between athletes on the anxiety study. In coping strategies there is a marginal significant value, where the slalom athletes present a better goal definition (T=1,86; p=,066). It is important to point out the significant result’s differences for the following motivation types: the slalom athletes present the biggest levels of Intrinsic Motivation of Knowledge (T=2,47; p=,015) Intrinsic Motivation of Realization (T=2,21; p=,029) and Intrinsic Motivation to Stimulation Experience (T=2,38; p=,019). The results from gender comparison, the female gender presented superior significant levels of Somatic Anxiety (T=5,16; p<,001) and Worry (T=4,35, p<,001). It is important to mention the significant differences observed in the strategies of coping study, where male gender is at the forefront on the following dimensions of ACSI-28, Adversity Confrontation (T=5,74, p<,001), Trainability (T=2,44, p=,016), Concentration (T=3,72, p<,001), Confidence and Motivation for Realization (T=2,74, p=,008), Goals Formulation (T=2,95, p=,004), Maximum Efficiency Under Pressure (T=3,50, p<,001). The age and anxiety results, it is verified that athletes under 18 years old present bigger Worry levels (T=2,15, p=,034) and Concentration Disruption (marginally significant, T=1,98, p=,051). In coping strategies the athletes over 18 years old, presented significant inferior results in Trainability (T=2,86, p=,005), Maximum Efficiency Under Pressure (T=1,99, p=,049) and in Preoccupation Absence (T=3,28, p=,001). As far as motivation is concerned, there were no significant differences, except Excintric Identification Motivation (T=2,52, p=.013) and Amotivation (T=2,82, p=,006), with considerably higher superior levels in athletes under 18 years old.
Descrição
Orientador: António Labisa Palmeira
Palavras-chave
DESPORTO, ANSIEDADE, STRESS, MOTIVAÇÃO, CANOAGEM, SPORT, ANXIETY, STRESS, MOTIVATION, COPING, CANOEING, MESTRADO EM TREINO DESPORTIVO, TREINO DESPORTIVO, SPORTS COACHING, COPING