Angola e a complementaridade do mar : o mar enquanto fator geoestratégico de segurança, defesa e de afirmação
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2014
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Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo, abordar temáticas em torno da importância que o espaço marítimo tem para Angola, numa perspetiva de Segurança, Defesa e de Afirmação do Estado através do mar, no contexto regional e internacional, tendo em conta a vertente securitária, económica e científica de investigação do espaço marítimo, peças estruturais de um triângulo composto por três vértices: Economia do Mar, Segurança e Defesa, e o estudo do Mar enquanto Ciência. O atual crescimento da economia nacional tem suscitado a questão de considerar efetivamente Angola como uma potência emergente na região marítima que lhe é contígua e no continente Africano, fazendo com que os aspetos de defesa, segurança e de afirmação como Estado se encontrem no centro das premissas de desenvolvimento. Esta tese procura efetuar uma análise interpretativa quanto ao valor acrescentado que o Mar oferece, não apenas no âmbito da economia nacional, mas sobretudo de natureza político-estratégica, na medida que o País terá de desenvolver e assegurar uma componente de Segurança e Defesa orientada para o mar, favorecendo o cumprimento dos objetivos de Interesse Nacional e de aproveitamento das oportunidades oferecidas pela ampla área marítima adjacente de interesse imediato. Nesta perspetiva, surgem como elementos centrais neste estudo, a identificação das oportunidades que o Mar transfere para o território nacional, considerando a necessidade de fazer frente a possíveis ameaças, não apenas ao nível da Segurança e Defesa, mas também em termos socioeconómicos, numa perspetiva de inovação e de diversificação da economia e dos recursos marítimos, tendo também presente a vertente do conhecimento científico e tecnológico do Mar, em ordem a interpretar e a rentabilizar as suas capacidades e potencialidades. O setor da ciência e da tecnologia surge como um fator de mudança, viragem e até como catalisador de desenvolvimento para os outros dois vértices do triângulo, permitindo assim uma maior dedicação de Angola aos projetos e estratégias nacionais que envolvam o espaço marítimo como fator de riqueza, de posicionamento estratégico e de recursos marinhos, numa perspetiva de defesa do Interesse Nacional e promoção do desenvolvimento sustentado do país em permanência.Neste quadro, não menos importante é a participação de Angola ao nível das Organizações Internacionais e a relação com os seus parceiros internacionais, dotados de experiência e know-how nas matérias no âmbito dos Assuntos do Mar, uma vez que perante a atual e futura conjuntura internacional dentro do sistema mundial, as áreas da Segurança e da Defesa se incluem dentro do desenvolvimento sustentável como fim último do Estado, constituindo vetores cruciais que se encontram dependentes da conjuntura na qual o país se insere.
This work main goal is to approach the subjects around the importance of the maritime area to Angola, in a perspective of security, defense and affirmation of the State in the sea, in both regional and international context, considering the security, economy and scientific investigation in this field, viewed as structural pieces of a triangle composed by three vertexes: Security and Defense, Economics of the Sea, and the study of the Sea as a Science. The actual development of the Angolan economy popped up the question of considering Angola as an emerging power in the maritime region next to its territory, and also in the African continent, making subjects as defense, security and affirmation of the State itself as central questions for the development assumption. In this sense, this Thesis tries to accomplish an interpretative research analysis regarding the added value that is supplied by the sea, not only for the national economy, but above all of a political and strategic nature, in the sense that the country will have to develop and ensure a component of security and defense sea oriented, favoring the fulfillment of national interest goals and taking advantage of all opportunities offered by the large maritime shore of immediate interest. From this perspective appeared as central features of this research, the identification of opportunities transferred to the national territory by the sea, considering the need to face possible threats , not only at security and defense levels, but also in socioeconomic terms, considering innovation and economic diversification of maritime resources, considering also the approach of scientific and technological knowledge of the sea ,in order to interpretate and take economic advantage of all its capacities and potential. Considering this approach, science and technology sectors are a factor for change, turning point and development enhancement, allowing a stronger dedication from Angola to projects and national strategies, involving the maritime space as wealth generator, strategic positioning and source of maritime resources, considering the defense of National Interest and the promotion of a sustainable development model. All factors considered, the Angolan participation in International Organizations and the relations with international partners are of major importance is also of major importance, considering some partners that already considerable experience and know-how about sea matters and once that in the actual and future position in the World System all areas of security and defense are considered as the ultimate role of the State and constitute crucial directions for the positioning of the country.
This work main goal is to approach the subjects around the importance of the maritime area to Angola, in a perspective of security, defense and affirmation of the State in the sea, in both regional and international context, considering the security, economy and scientific investigation in this field, viewed as structural pieces of a triangle composed by three vertexes: Security and Defense, Economics of the Sea, and the study of the Sea as a Science. The actual development of the Angolan economy popped up the question of considering Angola as an emerging power in the maritime region next to its territory, and also in the African continent, making subjects as defense, security and affirmation of the State itself as central questions for the development assumption. In this sense, this Thesis tries to accomplish an interpretative research analysis regarding the added value that is supplied by the sea, not only for the national economy, but above all of a political and strategic nature, in the sense that the country will have to develop and ensure a component of security and defense sea oriented, favoring the fulfillment of national interest goals and taking advantage of all opportunities offered by the large maritime shore of immediate interest. From this perspective appeared as central features of this research, the identification of opportunities transferred to the national territory by the sea, considering the need to face possible threats , not only at security and defense levels, but also in socioeconomic terms, considering innovation and economic diversification of maritime resources, considering also the approach of scientific and technological knowledge of the sea ,in order to interpretate and take economic advantage of all its capacities and potential. Considering this approach, science and technology sectors are a factor for change, turning point and development enhancement, allowing a stronger dedication from Angola to projects and national strategies, involving the maritime space as wealth generator, strategic positioning and source of maritime resources, considering the defense of National Interest and the promotion of a sustainable development model. All factors considered, the Angolan participation in International Organizations and the relations with international partners are of major importance is also of major importance, considering some partners that already considerable experience and know-how about sea matters and once that in the actual and future position in the World System all areas of security and defense are considered as the ultimate role of the State and constitute crucial directions for the positioning of the country.
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Orientação : António Joaquim Viana de Almeida Tomé
Palavras-chave
DOUTORAMENTO EM CIÊNCIA POLÍTICA, CIÊNCIA POLÍTICA, POLITICAL SCIENCE, RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, POLÍTICA DE SEGURANÇA, SECURITY POLICY, DEFESA MILITAR, MILITARY DEFENSE, DEFESA NACIONAL, NATIONAL DEFENSE, ECONOMIA, ECONOMY, CIÊNCIAS DO MAR, MARINE SCIENCES, TECNOLOGIA, TECHNOLOGY, ANGOLA