Educação em direitos humanos na Escola Pública : um estudo a partir da prática pedagógica da Escola Teresa Torres de Itapetim Estado de Pernambuco – Brasil
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No presente trabalho de pesquisa seguem os resultados obtidos durante as investigações realizadas numa escola pública brasileira, tendo por objeto de estudo as concepções e práticas pedagógicas de Educação em/para os Direitos Humanos dos professores e educadores do ensino básico da mencionada instituição escolar. Para a concretização do intento, utilizou-se a técnica de análise qualitativa de dados sobre as práticas e as concepções dos respectivos protagonistas. Durante as observações, procurou-se detectar informações, dentro e fora da sala de aula, sobre a relação interpessoal entre o professor e o aluno, entre os próprios alunos, a relação dos professores e alunos com a equipe gestora da escola, a postura política do professor e da diretora (se autoritária ou democrática), as atividades e projetos de Educação em Direitos Humanos envidados pela escola e as práticas dos professores e dos educadores de apoio na Educação em Direitos Humanos. Para melhor elucidação do processo observativo, cuidou-se de analisar os registros institucionais, documentais e normativos da escola, como forma de verificar se os mesmos possibilitavam ou não uma prática educativa condizente com a vivência dos Direitos Humanos. Concernente às concepções, foram realizadas entrevistas com os professores, educadores de apoio, alunos e a diretora da escola, no sentido de conhecer suas concepções e percepções em relação à democracia, aos Direitos Humanos, à cidadania, à educação e à Educação em Direitos Humanos, bem como, os empecilhos que dificultam uma prática pedagógica plenamente centrada na formação humana e cidadã. De ressaltar que a nossa expectativa, ao término da presente pesquisa, como resposta aos questionamentos levantados, era de que houvesse a constatação das premissas inicialmente formuladas, ou seja, de que a escola, objeto da investigação, através de suas práticas, não vinha dando a devida atenção ou importância à EDH, vale esclarecer, estava relegando totalmente as atividades pedagógicas que proporcionam uma pedagogia humanizadora e cidadã. Contudo, esses fatos terminaram por ser comprovados apenas em parte, consoante se pode constatar nas considerações finais do presente trabalho investigatório. Em sendo assim, os resultados da pesquisa apontam para alguns fatores positivos, considerando que a escola investigada, sem dúvida, tem se preocupado com a Educação em/para os Direitos Humanos, fato comprovado pelas concepções e práticas dos professores, e pelos projetos e atividades vivenciados no ambiente escolar; e outros negativos, tendo em vista que as práticas e os projetos desenvolvidos na escola são por demais insuficientes à instituição de uma cultura dos Direitos Humanos, em razão da sua inconstância e superficialidade. Desse modo, diante desse quadro, sugere-se, ao final, que a escola estudada reveja os seus projetos e práticas de Educação em Direitos Humanos, na perspectiva de promover no seu meio a cidadania ativa ou democrática.
The present research shows the results of investigations conducted in a Brazilian public elementary school, the object of study being the pedagogical concepts and practices of Human Rights Education (Education in/for Human Rights; HRE) adopted by the teachers and educators at the above-mentioned institution. For this purpose, the technique of qualitative analysis of data was used on the practices and concepts of the protagonists. During the observations, there was an attempt to gather information both inside and outside the classroom, on the interpersonal relationships between teacher and students and among students themselves, the relationships of teachers and students with school administration, the policy stances of teachers and the principal (“authoritarian” or “democratic”), activities and projects in the area of Human Rights Education made by the school, and the practices of teachers and educators in support of Human Rights Education. To clarify the observational process, the institutional, documentary, and regulatory records of the school were analyzed as a way of verifying whether or not they enabled educational practice to be carried out in accordance with the experience of human rights. In relation to the relevant concepts, interviews with teachers, support teachers, students, and the school principal were conducted in order to determine their views and perceptions about democracy, human rights, citizenship, education, and Human Rights Education, as well as the obstacles that hinder a teaching practice that is fully focused on human and civic education. It should be emphasized that our expectation at the end of this research, in response to the questions raised, was that the premises initially formulated would be confirmed that is, that the practices of the school under study would not give appropriate attention or ascribe appropriate importance to HRE and would neglect educational activities that could provide a humanizing and civic-minded pedagogy. However, these assumptions ended up being supported only in part, as can be seen in the final discussion of this investigative work. The survey results point to some positive evidence for the existence of this better-than-expected situation, indicating that the school under study has undoubtedly been concerned with Education in/for Human Rights. This evidence includes the concepts and practices of teachers and the projects and activities implemented in the school environment. However, other factors were negative, leading to the finding that the practices and projects developed at the school are insufficient for the institution of a “culture of human rights” due to their instability and superficiality. Thus, it is ultimately suggested that the school under study review its practices and projects related to Human Rights Education with a view to promoting active or democratic citizenship in its environment.
The present research shows the results of investigations conducted in a Brazilian public elementary school, the object of study being the pedagogical concepts and practices of Human Rights Education (Education in/for Human Rights; HRE) adopted by the teachers and educators at the above-mentioned institution. For this purpose, the technique of qualitative analysis of data was used on the practices and concepts of the protagonists. During the observations, there was an attempt to gather information both inside and outside the classroom, on the interpersonal relationships between teacher and students and among students themselves, the relationships of teachers and students with school administration, the policy stances of teachers and the principal (“authoritarian” or “democratic”), activities and projects in the area of Human Rights Education made by the school, and the practices of teachers and educators in support of Human Rights Education. To clarify the observational process, the institutional, documentary, and regulatory records of the school were analyzed as a way of verifying whether or not they enabled educational practice to be carried out in accordance with the experience of human rights. In relation to the relevant concepts, interviews with teachers, support teachers, students, and the school principal were conducted in order to determine their views and perceptions about democracy, human rights, citizenship, education, and Human Rights Education, as well as the obstacles that hinder a teaching practice that is fully focused on human and civic education. It should be emphasized that our expectation at the end of this research, in response to the questions raised, was that the premises initially formulated would be confirmed that is, that the practices of the school under study would not give appropriate attention or ascribe appropriate importance to HRE and would neglect educational activities that could provide a humanizing and civic-minded pedagogy. However, these assumptions ended up being supported only in part, as can be seen in the final discussion of this investigative work. The survey results point to some positive evidence for the existence of this better-than-expected situation, indicating that the school under study has undoubtedly been concerned with Education in/for Human Rights. This evidence includes the concepts and practices of teachers and the projects and activities implemented in the school environment. However, other factors were negative, leading to the finding that the practices and projects developed at the school are insufficient for the institution of a “culture of human rights” due to their instability and superficiality. Thus, it is ultimately suggested that the school under study review its practices and projects related to Human Rights Education with a view to promoting active or democratic citizenship in its environment.
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Orientação: Marcos Roberto Nunes Costa ; co-orientação: Óscar Conceição de Sousa