Autocriticismo, distress e ligação ao bebé em mães de bebés durante a pandemia por covid-19
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2022
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O período perinatal consiste, para muitas mulheres, um período de transição com vários
desafios psicológicos, fisiológicos e sociais. Estudos preliminares demonstram que a
autocompaixão materna podem afetar positivamente a ligação mãe-bebé e minimizar a
probabilidade de surgimento de distress materno. Porém, existem várias lacunas na
literatura nesta área do conhecimento, nomeadamente de qual o papel do autocriticismo
nas vivências maternas e adaptação a esta fase de vida. Assim, o presente estudo visa
explorar a relação entre estas variáveis, o distress materno e a ligação ao bebé,
considerando uma amostra de 156 mães com bebés até dois anos. O distress foi avaliado
por meio da Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress (EADS-21), o autocriticismo e a
autocompaixão através da Function of Self-Criticizing and Self-Reassuring Scale
(FSCRS), e a ligação mãe-bebé por meio do Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ).
Os resultados demonstraram que estados afetivos mais negativos e maiores níveis de
ligação mãe-bebé estiveram correlacionados com maiores níveis de autocriticismo.
Apesar disso, não se verificou uma associação significativa entre a ligação ao bebé e a
autocompaixão. Quanto maior a ligação entre as mães e os seus bebés, maiores os seus
níveis de depressão, ansiedade e stress. A análise de mediações demonstrou que a
depressão mediou significativamente a relação entre a experiência de sentimentos de
inadequação do eu por parte da mãe e a ligação mãe-bebé. Além disso, verificamos que
o distress mediou a relação entre o nível de autocompaixão das participantes e a sua
ligação com os seus filhos. Estes resultados apontam para a importância de compreender
o papel do autocriticismo, enquanto fator de vulnerabilidade para o distress e
desadaptação no período perinatal.
The perinatal period is, for many women, a transitional period with various psychological, physiological, and social challenges. Preliminary studies demonstrate that maternal self compassion can positively affect mother-baby bonding and minimize the likelihood of maternal distress. However, there are several gaps in the literature in this area of knowledge, namely the role of self-criticism in maternal experiences and adaptation to this stage of life. Thus, this study aims to explore the relationship between these variable, maternal distress and attachment to the baby, considering a sample of 156 mothers with babies up to two years old. Distress was assessed using the Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale (EADS-21), self-criticism and self-compassion using the Function of Self Criticizing and Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS), and mother-infant bonding using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ). The results demonstrate that more negative affective states and higher levels of mother-baby bonding were correlated with higher levels of self-criticism. In spite of that, there was no significant association between attachment to the baby and self-compassion. And the greater the bond between mothers and their babies, the greater their levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Mediation analysis showed that depression significantly mediated the relationship between the mother's experience of feelings of self-inadequacy and mother-baby bonding. In addition, we found that distress mediated the relationship between participants' level of self compassion and their attachment to their children. These results point to the importance of understanding the role of self-criticism, as a vulnerability factor for distress and maladjustment in the perinatal period.
The perinatal period is, for many women, a transitional period with various psychological, physiological, and social challenges. Preliminary studies demonstrate that maternal self compassion can positively affect mother-baby bonding and minimize the likelihood of maternal distress. However, there are several gaps in the literature in this area of knowledge, namely the role of self-criticism in maternal experiences and adaptation to this stage of life. Thus, this study aims to explore the relationship between these variable, maternal distress and attachment to the baby, considering a sample of 156 mothers with babies up to two years old. Distress was assessed using the Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale (EADS-21), self-criticism and self-compassion using the Function of Self Criticizing and Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS), and mother-infant bonding using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ). The results demonstrate that more negative affective states and higher levels of mother-baby bonding were correlated with higher levels of self-criticism. In spite of that, there was no significant association between attachment to the baby and self-compassion. And the greater the bond between mothers and their babies, the greater their levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Mediation analysis showed that depression significantly mediated the relationship between the mother's experience of feelings of self-inadequacy and mother-baby bonding. In addition, we found that distress mediated the relationship between participants' level of self compassion and their attachment to their children. These results point to the importance of understanding the role of self-criticism, as a vulnerability factor for distress and maladjustment in the perinatal period.
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Orientação: Ana Filipa Beato
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MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA E DA SAÚDE, PSICOLOGIA, MATERNIDADE, INTERAÇÃO MÃE-CRIANÇA, RELAÇÃO MÃE-FILHO, SÍNDROME DO DESCONFORTO, RESPIRATÓRIO AGUDO, STRESS, PANDEMIAS, COVID-19, PSYCHOLOGY, MATERNITY, MOTHER-CHILD INTERACTION, MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONSHIP, RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, PANDEMICS