Resolução cirúrgica de fraturas do fémur proximal em cães e gatos : descrição de quatro casos clínicos
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As fraturas proximais do fémur são frequentes em cães e gatos, resultando principalmente de atropelamentos ou quedas. No entanto, há relatos de fraturas que ocorrem sem histórico de trauma, como a epifisiólise proximal femoral e a doença de "Legg-Calvé Perthes", que afetam jovens animais e ocorrem na região da placa de crescimento. A claudicação é a principal queixa apresentada por esses animais, podendo ser acompanhada por outros sinais clínicos, como dor ao movimentar-se ou na manipulação, redução da amplitude de movimento da articulação coxofemoral e atrofia muscular. O diagnóstico dessas fraturas é obtido principalmente através do exame físico dirigido ao aparelho locomotor e é confirmado, na maioria dos casos, por radiografia. Embora o tratamento conservador possa ser uma opção, é recomendado um tratamento cirúrgico, para garantir uma recuperação adequada e minimizar as sequelas. A osteotomia da cabeça e colo do fémur e artroplastia total da anca são os procedimentos cirúrgicos geralmente recomendados e realizados, apesar de por vezes se recorrer ao método dos fios de Kirschner. Os animais submetidos a essas intervenções cirurgias tendem a evoluir favoravelmente, demonstrando uma melhoria clínica significativa. Este trabalho baseia-se numa revisão da literatura e inclui a apresentação de quatro casos clínicos, nos quais são discutidas duas técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas na correção de fraturas traumáticas e atraumáticas das fraturas proximais do fémur. São abordadas as indicações, os procedimentos cirúrgicos, os resultados pós-operatórios e as possíveis complicações associadas a cada técnica.
Fractures of the proximal femur are common in dogs and cats, often resulting from road accidents or falls. However, there are reports of fractures occurring without a history of trauma, such as Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, which primarily affect young animals and occur in the growth plate region. Lameness is the primary complaint in these animals and may be accompanied by other clinical signs, such as pain during movement or manipulation, reduced range of motion of the hip joint, and muscle atrophy. Diagnosis of these fractures is primarily based on a physical examination focused on the musculoskeletal system and is confirmed, in most cases, by radiography. Although conservative treatment may be an option, surgical intervention is generally recommended to ensure proper recovery and minimize sequelae. Femoral head and neck osteotomy and total hip arthroplasty are the most commonly recommended and performed surgical procedures, although the use of Kirschner wires is occasionally considered. Animals undergoing these surgical procedures tend to have favorable outcomes, showing significant clinical improvement. This study is based on a literature review and presents four clinical cases in which two surgical techniques used to correct traumatic and atraumatic fractures of the proximal femur are discussed. The indications, surgical procedures, postoperative outcomes, and potential complications associated with each technique are analyzed.
Fractures of the proximal femur are common in dogs and cats, often resulting from road accidents or falls. However, there are reports of fractures occurring without a history of trauma, such as Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, which primarily affect young animals and occur in the growth plate region. Lameness is the primary complaint in these animals and may be accompanied by other clinical signs, such as pain during movement or manipulation, reduced range of motion of the hip joint, and muscle atrophy. Diagnosis of these fractures is primarily based on a physical examination focused on the musculoskeletal system and is confirmed, in most cases, by radiography. Although conservative treatment may be an option, surgical intervention is generally recommended to ensure proper recovery and minimize sequelae. Femoral head and neck osteotomy and total hip arthroplasty are the most commonly recommended and performed surgical procedures, although the use of Kirschner wires is occasionally considered. Animals undergoing these surgical procedures tend to have favorable outcomes, showing significant clinical improvement. This study is based on a literature review and presents four clinical cases in which two surgical techniques used to correct traumatic and atraumatic fractures of the proximal femur are discussed. The indications, surgical procedures, postoperative outcomes, and potential complications associated with each technique are analyzed.