Prevalência da malária cerebral na pediatria-unidade infeto contagiosa do Hospital Central de Maputo e sua pertinência para a neuropsicologia
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2020
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A malária constitui uma das principais causas de mortalidade em Moçambique.
As consequências desta infeção podem começar cedo na vida e continuar muito depois da
exposição. A malária cerebral é uma forma severa da doença definida pelo coma e não
por outras infeções do Sistema Nervoso Central, sendo a presença do parasita
Plasmodium falciparum um requisito. Do ano de 2013 a 2018 foram examinados 4953
pacientes pediátricos do Hospital Central de Maputo, dos quais a Taxa de prevalência de
Malária Cerebral encontrada foi de 9.8% (484), em idades compreendidas entre os 0 e os
12 anos em ambos os sexos. Segundo estudos recentes, as consequências da exposição de
MC vão além da própria infeção e incluem cegueira temporária, epilepsia, alteração do
comportamento e alterações ao nível da cognição, entre outras complicações ao nível da
saúde geral. Deste modo, e a um nível individual, pode também manifestar-se através da
perca de funções, comprometendo a aquisição de competências de aprendizagem e de
realização profissional. Esta condição dá origem à encefalopatia aguda não traumática
mais comum em África. Verificou-se no presente estudo que 7 (1.5%) dos casos de MC
tiveram registo de sequelas imediatas. Cerca de 29 (6,0%) referem-se a pacientes
infetados pelo vírus do VIH, dos quais 1 (0.2%) desencadearam óbito por MC. Todavia,
não existem dados, estudos nem recursos para apoiarem na avaliação e guiarem na
reabilitação da malária cerebral em Moçambique. Este estudo tem como objetivo
principal estudar a prevalência da malaria cerebral dos pacientes com entrada na unidade
infecto-contagiosa da pediatria do Hospital Central de Maputo como base de estudos
futuros no campo da neuropsicologia sugerindo a necessidade da avaliação precoce para
identificação de casos em que a possibilidade da reabilitação neuropsicológica possa
conduzir a um desenvolvimento mais saudável e adaptativo.
Malaria is one of the main causes of mortality in Mozambique. The consequences of this infection can start early in life and continue long after exposure. Cerebral malaria is a severe form of the disease defined by coma and not by other infections of the Central Nervous System, and the presence of the parasite Plasmodium falciparum is a requirement. From 2013 to 2018, 4953 pediatric patients from the Central Hospital of Maputo were examined, of which the prevalence rate of cerebral malaria found was 9.8% (484), aged between 0 and 12 years in both sexes. According to recent studies, the consequences of exposure go beyond the infection itself and include temporary blindness, epilepsy, behavioural alterations and changes in cognition, among other general health complications. In this way, and at an individual level, the malaria effect can also be manifested through loss of functions, compromising the acquisition of learning and professional achievement. This condition gives rise to the most common non-traumatic encephalopathy in Africa. It was found in the present study that 7 (1.5%) of the cases of CM had a record of immediate sequelae. About 29 (6.0%) refer to patients infected by the HIV virus, of which 1 (0.2%) triggered death from CM. However, there is no data, studies or resources to support evaluation and guide the rehabilitation of cerebral malaria in Mozambique. This study aims to study the prevalence of cerebral malaria of patients admitted to the infectious-contagious unit of Paediatrics on Maputo Central Hospital as a basis for future studies in the field of neuropsychology suggesting the need for early assessment to identify cases in which the possibility of neuropsychological rehabilitation may lead to a healthier and more adaptive development..
Malaria is one of the main causes of mortality in Mozambique. The consequences of this infection can start early in life and continue long after exposure. Cerebral malaria is a severe form of the disease defined by coma and not by other infections of the Central Nervous System, and the presence of the parasite Plasmodium falciparum is a requirement. From 2013 to 2018, 4953 pediatric patients from the Central Hospital of Maputo were examined, of which the prevalence rate of cerebral malaria found was 9.8% (484), aged between 0 and 12 years in both sexes. According to recent studies, the consequences of exposure go beyond the infection itself and include temporary blindness, epilepsy, behavioural alterations and changes in cognition, among other general health complications. In this way, and at an individual level, the malaria effect can also be manifested through loss of functions, compromising the acquisition of learning and professional achievement. This condition gives rise to the most common non-traumatic encephalopathy in Africa. It was found in the present study that 7 (1.5%) of the cases of CM had a record of immediate sequelae. About 29 (6.0%) refer to patients infected by the HIV virus, of which 1 (0.2%) triggered death from CM. However, there is no data, studies or resources to support evaluation and guide the rehabilitation of cerebral malaria in Mozambique. This study aims to study the prevalence of cerebral malaria of patients admitted to the infectious-contagious unit of Paediatrics on Maputo Central Hospital as a basis for future studies in the field of neuropsychology suggesting the need for early assessment to identify cases in which the possibility of neuropsychological rehabilitation may lead to a healthier and more adaptive development..
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Orientação: Jorge Oliveira
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM NEUROPSICOLOGIA APLICADA, PSICOLOGIA, NEUROPSICOLOGIA, AVALIAÇÃO NEUROPSICOLÓGICA, REABILITAÇÃO NEUROPSICOLÓGICA, MALÁRIA CEREBRAL, ESTUDOS DE CASO, MOÇAMBIQUE, HOSPITAL CENTRAL DE MAPUTO, PSYCHOLOGY, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION, CEREBRAL MALARIA, CASE STUDIES, MOZAMBIQUE, HOSPITAL CENTRAL DE MAPUTO