Prevalência de anemia em insuficiência renal crónica: estudo retrospetivo de 39 gatos
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2015
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A anemia secundária à insuficiência renal crónica (IRC) pode afectar até 65% dos gatos, sendo mais comum nos estádios mais avançados da doença renal. A diminuição da produção de eritropoietina, por parte dos rins, é a principal etiologia desta doença. Contudo, outros mecanismos como inflamação, retenção de inibidores de eritropoiese no plasma ou soro urémico, desenvolvimento de hiperparatiroidismo renal secundário, diminuição do tempo de sobrevivência dos eritrócitos e perda de sangue, também contribuem para a patogénese da anemia secundária a insuficiência renal crónica.
A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do estágio curricular final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária e teve como objetivos a determinação da prevalência de anemia em gatos com diagnóstico de insuficiência renal crónica e a avaliação da relação entre o estadiamento da doença renal e a gravidade de anemia. Para tal, foram estudados, retrospetivamente, 39 gatos com IRC apresentados a consulta ou internados no Hospital Veterinário CASVET em Cascais durante um período de dois anos, entre abril de 2012 e abril de 2014.
Na amostra estudada no presente trabalho, 33% dos gatos apresentava anemia e, quanto mais avançado o estádio de insuficiência renal crónica, maior a proporção de doentes com anemia em cada estádio. Não se verificou, no entanto, uma relação positiva entre estádios mais avançados de doença renal e gravidade de anemia, uma vez que a maior parte dos gatos apresentava anemia ligeira, independentemente do estádio.
The anemia of chronic kidney failure (CKF) may affect up to 65% of cats, and its occurrence is more frequent as renal disease worsens. The main etiology of this disease is reduced production of erythropoietin, which is the hormone produced by the kidneys. Furthermore, additional mechanisms such as inflammation, retention of inhibitors of erythropoiesis in uremic plasma or serum, development of secondary renal hyperparathyroidism, shortened red blood cells survival and blood loss, may also contribute to the pathogenesis of anemia of chronic kidney disease. This paper was developed as part of the curricular internship for the Master’s degree in Veterinary Medicine and its main goals were to determine the prevalence of anemia in the subjects from the sample and to assess the relationship between the staging of renal disease and the severity of anemia. To do so, a retrospective analysis was developed based on a sample of 39 cats with a previous diagnosis of chronic kidney failure, presented at consultation or hospitalized at the Veterinary Hospital CASVET located in Cascais in a two year period, between April 2012 and April 2014. In the studied population, 33% of the cats had anemia and the later stages of CKF presented a higher proportion of animals with anemia. However, positive correlation between later stages of renal disease and the severity of anemia was not observed, since the majority of subjects from all stages had mild anemia.
The anemia of chronic kidney failure (CKF) may affect up to 65% of cats, and its occurrence is more frequent as renal disease worsens. The main etiology of this disease is reduced production of erythropoietin, which is the hormone produced by the kidneys. Furthermore, additional mechanisms such as inflammation, retention of inhibitors of erythropoiesis in uremic plasma or serum, development of secondary renal hyperparathyroidism, shortened red blood cells survival and blood loss, may also contribute to the pathogenesis of anemia of chronic kidney disease. This paper was developed as part of the curricular internship for the Master’s degree in Veterinary Medicine and its main goals were to determine the prevalence of anemia in the subjects from the sample and to assess the relationship between the staging of renal disease and the severity of anemia. To do so, a retrospective analysis was developed based on a sample of 39 cats with a previous diagnosis of chronic kidney failure, presented at consultation or hospitalized at the Veterinary Hospital CASVET located in Cascais in a two year period, between April 2012 and April 2014. In the studied population, 33% of the cats had anemia and the later stages of CKF presented a higher proportion of animals with anemia. However, positive correlation between later stages of renal disease and the severity of anemia was not observed, since the majority of subjects from all stages had mild anemia.
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Orientação : Margarida Alves ; co-orientação : Pedro Alenquer
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, GATOS, ANEMIA, INSUFICIÊNCIA RENAL, DOENÇAS CRÓNICAS, CATS, ANEMIA, KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC DISEASES, FELÍDEOS, FELIDS, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINARY MEDICINE