Motivação e adesão ao exercício físico : um estudo sobre o papel dos treinadores pessoais
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2012
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Introdução: Procuramos analisar a associação entre a frequência/adesão ao exercício físico (FAEF) em contexto de ginásios e health clubs (GHC) e os constructos previstos pela
Teoria da Auto Determinação (TAD) em indivíduos que treinam com Treinador Pessoal (TP)e indivíduos que não treinam com TP.
Método: Efetuámos uma revisão sistemática da literatura (RSL), seguida de um estudo
observacional onde aplicámos questionários psicométricos para avaliar o clima da sessão de treino, resposta psicológica global, regulação motivacional, satisfação das necessidades
psicológicas (NPB), escolha percebida sobre o desempenho em exercício. Foi controlada a FAEF durante 3 meses. A amostra consistiu em 88 clientes (Midade = 41.35, SD = 12.22, MIMC
= 25.10, SD = 14.52)
Resultados: Na RSL encontrámos 10 estudos, nenhum em contexto de TP. No nosso estudo não se registaram diferenças na FAEF, nem nas regulações motivacionais entre os grupos. No grupo com TP a competência associou-se à FAEF (p=.017) e a autonomia
associou-se a menores níveis de mau estar psicológico e de fadiga (p=.032). O Clima de
Tratamento do Programa não influenciou nenhum dos outcomes estudados. No grupo sem TP, quanto mais Autonomia (p=.038) e Motivação Intrínseca (p=.001) maior a FAEF. Regulações mais autodeterminadas estão associados a maiores valores de FAEF (p=.009). A motivação intrínseca associou-se positivamente (p=.014) com a FAEF em toda a amostra.
Discussão: O suporte das NBP origina uma motivação mais auto regulada o que se
reflete numa maior FAEF e bem estar psicológico. No grupo com TP a competência teve um
maior contributo para a FAEF, no grupo sem TP a autonomia registou o valor mais elevado.
Não se observaram diferenças entre os grupos na regulação motivacional e na FAEF. O suporte de autonomia dado pelo TP não apresentou resultados significativos na FAEF, o que
contraria o esperado pela TAD. Estes dados são, por si só reveladores da importância de se aprofundar conhecimentos que auxiliem os TP’s a a motivarem com mais qualidade os seus alunos.
Introduction: We analyzed the association between the frequency / adherence to exercise (FAE) in the context of gyms and health clubs (GHC) and the constructs provided by the Self Determination Theory (SDT) in individuals who train with Personal Trainer (PT) and individuals who do not train with PT. Methods: We have performed a systematic literature review (SLR), followed by an observational study where we applied psychometric questionnaires to evaluate the climate of the training session, global psychological response, motivational regulation, satisfaction of psychological basic needs (PBN), perceived choice on performance in exercise. FAE was controlled for 3 months. The sample consisted of 88 clients (Mage = 41.35, SD = 12.22, MIMC = 25.10, SD = 14:52) Results: At SLR we found 10 studies, none in the context of PT. In our study there were no differences in FAE nor the motivational regulations between groups. In the group with PT, competence was associated with FAE (p = .017) and autonomy was associated with lower levels of psychological malaise and fatigue (p = .032). Climate Care Program did not influence any of the outcomes studied. In the group without PT, the more autonomy (p = .038) and Intrinsic Motivation (p = .001) greater the FAE. More self-determined regulations were associated with higher values of FAE (p = .009). Intrinsic motivation was positively associated (p = .014) with FAEF throughout the sample. Discussion: The support of the PBN leads to a more self-regulated motivation as reflected in higher FAE and psychological wellbeing. In the group with PT competence had a greater contribution to FAE, the group without PT autonomy recorded the highest value. There were no differences between groups in regulating motivational and FAE. The support of autonomy given by PT showed no significant results FAE, which contradicts the expected by TAD. These data alone reveal the importance of deepening knowledge that help PT's to better motivate their students.
Introduction: We analyzed the association between the frequency / adherence to exercise (FAE) in the context of gyms and health clubs (GHC) and the constructs provided by the Self Determination Theory (SDT) in individuals who train with Personal Trainer (PT) and individuals who do not train with PT. Methods: We have performed a systematic literature review (SLR), followed by an observational study where we applied psychometric questionnaires to evaluate the climate of the training session, global psychological response, motivational regulation, satisfaction of psychological basic needs (PBN), perceived choice on performance in exercise. FAE was controlled for 3 months. The sample consisted of 88 clients (Mage = 41.35, SD = 12.22, MIMC = 25.10, SD = 14:52) Results: At SLR we found 10 studies, none in the context of PT. In our study there were no differences in FAE nor the motivational regulations between groups. In the group with PT, competence was associated with FAE (p = .017) and autonomy was associated with lower levels of psychological malaise and fatigue (p = .032). Climate Care Program did not influence any of the outcomes studied. In the group without PT, the more autonomy (p = .038) and Intrinsic Motivation (p = .001) greater the FAE. More self-determined regulations were associated with higher values of FAE (p = .009). Intrinsic motivation was positively associated (p = .014) with FAEF throughout the sample. Discussion: The support of the PBN leads to a more self-regulated motivation as reflected in higher FAE and psychological wellbeing. In the group with PT competence had a greater contribution to FAE, the group without PT autonomy recorded the highest value. There were no differences between groups in regulating motivational and FAE. The support of autonomy given by PT showed no significant results FAE, which contradicts the expected by TAD. These data alone reveal the importance of deepening knowledge that help PT's to better motivate their students.
Descrição
Orientação : António Labisa Palmeira
Palavras-chave
DESPORTO, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, TREINO DESPORTIVO, TREINADORES DESPORTIVOS, SPORT, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SPORTS COACHING, SPORTS COACHES, MOTIVAÇÃO, MOTIVATION, MESTRADO EM EXERCÍCIO E BEM-ESTAR, EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO, PHYSICAL EXERCISE, TEORIA DA AUTODETERMINAÇÃO, SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY