Motivação, vitalidade e adesão ao exercício físico em ginásios : estudo baseado na teoria da autodeterminação
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2020
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Objetivo: A qualidade da motivação é o que leva muitas pessoas a não iniciarem e a abandonarem vários hábitos de vida saudáveis, como o Exercício Físico. O objetivo desta dissertação foi analisar de que forma as variáveis da Teoria da Autodeterminação (TAD) estão associadas à vitalidade e adesão dos praticantes de Exercício em Ginásio.
Método: Realização de uma revisão rápida e sistemática da literatura, e um estudo empírico. Na revisão, foi analisada a literatura científica publicada sobre a TAD, o exercício e a adesão. No estudo empírico (237 pessoas) analisamos com um desenho transversal, as associações entre a TAD e a vitalidade; e com um desenho observacional longitudinal as associações da TAD, da vitalidade e da adesão passada, com a adesão futura (11 semanas).
Resultados: A revisão rápida e sistemática da literatura resultou em 11 estudos. A adesão ao exercício em contexto de Ginásio está associada a: motivos para participação de competência, diversão e social; ao suporte da autonomia, competência e relacionamento; à satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas, principalmente da competência e; à motivação autónoma com destaque para a regulação identificada.
Empiricamente, verificamos que a vitalidade está associada à maioria das variáveis estudadas, não apresentando associação com os objetivos de reconhecimento social, impedimento das necessidades, amotivação, regulação externa e introjetada por afastamento. A adesão futura está associada à vitalidade e à adesão passada. As variáveis TAD analisadas não apresentaram associação significativa com a adesão futura.
Conclusões: Os Técnicos de Exercício Físico devem promover objetivos intrínsecos e dar suporte às necessidades, para melhorar a satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas e a motivação autónoma. Trabalhando estas variáveis, a probabilidade de os clientes aderirem à prática de Exercício Físico no Ginásio e se sentirem com mais vitalidade, pode aumentar.
Purpose: The quality of motivation is what leads many people to not start and to drop out from various healthy lifestyle habits, such as Physical Exercise. The purpose of this dissertation was to analyze how the variables of the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) are associated with the vitality and adherence of Gym members. Method: Conduct a quick and systematic review of the literature, and an empirical study. In the review, the published scientific literature on SDT, exercise and adherence was analyzed. In the empirical study (237 people) we analyzed, with a cross-sectional design, the associations between SDT and vitality; and with a longitudinal observational design the associations of SDT, vitality and past adherence, with future adherence (11 weeks). Results: The rapid and systematic review of the literature resulted in 11 studies. Adherence to exercise in a Gym context is associated with: motives of competence, fun and social participation; autonomy support, structure and interpersonal involvement; the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, mainly competence and; autonomous motivation with emphasis on the identified regulation. Empirically, we found that vitality is associated with most of the variables studied, with no association with the goals of social recognition, thwarting of needs, amotivation, external regulation and introjected by withdrawal. Future adherence is associated with vitality and past adherence. The analyzed SDT variables were not significantly associated with future adherence. Conclusions: Fitness Instructors should promote intrinsic goals and support needs, to improve the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and autonomous motivation. By working with these variables, the probability of clients adhering to the practice of Physical Exercise in the Gym and feeling more vitality, can increase.
Purpose: The quality of motivation is what leads many people to not start and to drop out from various healthy lifestyle habits, such as Physical Exercise. The purpose of this dissertation was to analyze how the variables of the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) are associated with the vitality and adherence of Gym members. Method: Conduct a quick and systematic review of the literature, and an empirical study. In the review, the published scientific literature on SDT, exercise and adherence was analyzed. In the empirical study (237 people) we analyzed, with a cross-sectional design, the associations between SDT and vitality; and with a longitudinal observational design the associations of SDT, vitality and past adherence, with future adherence (11 weeks). Results: The rapid and systematic review of the literature resulted in 11 studies. Adherence to exercise in a Gym context is associated with: motives of competence, fun and social participation; autonomy support, structure and interpersonal involvement; the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, mainly competence and; autonomous motivation with emphasis on the identified regulation. Empirically, we found that vitality is associated with most of the variables studied, with no association with the goals of social recognition, thwarting of needs, amotivation, external regulation and introjected by withdrawal. Future adherence is associated with vitality and past adherence. The analyzed SDT variables were not significantly associated with future adherence. Conclusions: Fitness Instructors should promote intrinsic goals and support needs, to improve the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and autonomous motivation. By working with these variables, the probability of clients adhering to the practice of Physical Exercise in the Gym and feeling more vitality, can increase.
Descrição
Orientação: António João Labisa da Silva Palmeira
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MESTRADO EM EXERCÍCIO E BEM-ESTAR, DESPORTO, SPORT, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, MOTIVAÇÃO, MOTIVATION, GINÁSIOS, SPORT GYMS, TEORIA DA AUTODETERMINAÇÃO, SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY, EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO, PHYSICAL EXERCISE