Mobilidade sustentável : a contribuição da ferrovia para a descarbonização
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2023
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O setor dos transportes desempenha um papel fundamental para o desenvolvimento socioeconómico dos países, permitindo o transporte de pessoas e mercadorias. Atualmente, este setor enfrenta inúmeros desafios na medida em que é um dos maiores emissores de gases com efeito de estufa. A implementação de novas políticas para contrariar estas emissões pode enfrentar alguns desafios sociais, considerando a necessidade de repensar hábitos e mentalidades. Num contexto de transição climática, será o setor capaz de assegurar que as necessidades de mobilidade de pessoas e bens em viagens transfronteiriças em Portugal e Espanha continuam a ser satisfeitas? O futuro da ferrovia em Portugal, enquanto parte da rede europeia, será determinada pelos investimentos projetados para as próximas décadas, nomeadamente no sentido de reduzir os tempos de viagem e aumentar as ligações, evitando a perda de mobilidade e de competitividade face a outros meios de deslocação. Este estudo avalia a viabilidade do comboio de alta velocidade como principal meio de transporte para viagens de média distância, analisando as pontes aéreas e ferroviárias à escala ibérica. O balanço das emissões demonstram que o comboio elétrico é consideravelmente menos poluente que o avião, embora o comboio a diesel emita duas vezes mais do que o comboio elétrico. Os resultados dos inquéritos comprovam que os principais critérios de escolha de um modo de transporte são o tempo de viagem e o preço do bilhete. O comboio revela-se mais vantajoso que o avião para viagens curtas, sendo que, à medida que a distância aumenta, o comboio torna-se menos vantajoso que o avião. Em conclusão, o comboio de alta velocidade é uma alternativa ao avião se o tempo viagem e o custo forem inferiores ou idênticos, embora as ligações analisadas revelem a inexistência de uma ferrovia de alta velocidade em Portugal e uma fraca conexão da rede o resto da Europa. Palavras-chave: Transporte ferroviário de alta-velocidade; Transporte aéreo; Península Ibérica; Ação Climática; Estratégias de Mobilidade.
The transport sector plays a key role in the socio-economic development of countries, allowing the transport of people and goods. Currently, this sector faces numerous challenges as one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases. Implementing new policies to reverse these emissions may face some social challenges, considering the need to rethink habits and mentalities. In a context of climate transition, will the sector be able to ensure that the mobility needs of people and goods on cross-border journeys in Portugal and Spain continue to be met? The future of the railroads in Portugal, as part of the European network, will be determined by the investments planned for the coming decades, especially in terms of reducing travel times and increasing connections, avoiding a loss of mobility and competitiveness against other means of travel. This study analyzes the viability of high-speed rail as the main mode of transport for medium-distance journeys, comparing air and rail bridges on an Iberian scale. The emissions balance demonstrates that the electric train is considerably less polluting than the airplane, but the diesel train generates twice as many emissions as the electric train. The survey findings show that the main criteria for choosing a mode of transport are travel time and the cost of the ticket. The train proves to be more advantageous than the plane for short journeys, but as the distance increases, the train becomes less advantageous than the plane. In conclusion, the high-speed rail is as an alternative to air travel if the travel time and costs are lower or identical, although the connections analyzed show that there is currently no high-speed rail in Portugal and that the network is poorly connected to the rest of Europe. Keywords: High-speed rail; Air passenger transport; Iberian Peninsula; Climate action; Mobility strategies.
The transport sector plays a key role in the socio-economic development of countries, allowing the transport of people and goods. Currently, this sector faces numerous challenges as one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases. Implementing new policies to reverse these emissions may face some social challenges, considering the need to rethink habits and mentalities. In a context of climate transition, will the sector be able to ensure that the mobility needs of people and goods on cross-border journeys in Portugal and Spain continue to be met? The future of the railroads in Portugal, as part of the European network, will be determined by the investments planned for the coming decades, especially in terms of reducing travel times and increasing connections, avoiding a loss of mobility and competitiveness against other means of travel. This study analyzes the viability of high-speed rail as the main mode of transport for medium-distance journeys, comparing air and rail bridges on an Iberian scale. The emissions balance demonstrates that the electric train is considerably less polluting than the airplane, but the diesel train generates twice as many emissions as the electric train. The survey findings show that the main criteria for choosing a mode of transport are travel time and the cost of the ticket. The train proves to be more advantageous than the plane for short journeys, but as the distance increases, the train becomes less advantageous than the plane. In conclusion, the high-speed rail is as an alternative to air travel if the travel time and costs are lower or identical, although the connections analyzed show that there is currently no high-speed rail in Portugal and that the network is poorly connected to the rest of Europe. Keywords: High-speed rail; Air passenger transport; Iberian Peninsula; Climate action; Mobility strategies.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, HIGH-SPEED TRAINS, AIR TRANSPORT, RAIL TRANSPORT, MOBILITY, CLIMATE CHANGES, SUSTAINABILITY, IBERIAN PENINSULA, MESTRADO EM ENGENHARIA DO AMBIENTE, CIÊNCIAS DO AMBIENTE, ENGENHARIA DO AMBIENTE, COMBOIOS DE ALTA VELOCIDADE, TRANSPORTES AÉREOS, TRANSPORTES FERROVIÁRIOS, MOBILIDADE, ALTERAÇÕES CLIMÁTICAS, SUSTENTABILIDADE, PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA, Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente