A relação do ângulo de fase da bioimpedância elétrica e a força muscularnos jogos desportivos coletivos
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2024
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Com base na medição da resistência total do corpo em relação à passagem de uma corrente elétrica de baixa amplitude e alta frequência, o teste de bioimpedância elétrica (BIA) mede vários indicadores como: resistência, a reatância e o ângulo de fase (PhA). A presente Tese de Doutoramento teve como objetivo geral estudar o PhA e a sua relação com a força muscular em atletas de diversos esportes coletivos. E como objetivos específicos: (i) realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura, com meta-análise, para verificar a relação do PhA e a força em atletas; (ii) verificar qual esporte coletivo de invasão (basquetebol, futebol, futsal, handebol e rugby) que apresenta maior probabilidade de obter um maior valor do PhA, considerando a idade, tempo de prática esportiva, testes de salto vertical e força de preensão manual em jovens atletas; e (iii) verificar a relação entre o PhA e a força muscular de membros inferiores em jovens atletas de voleibol masculino. No primeiro estudo as bases de dados utilizadas foram: PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus e Web of Science e o critério de eligibilidade foi o PECOS. No segundo estudo, 248 jovens atletas foram avaliados para se estabelecer correlações entre o PhA e variáveis categóricas (desporto e sexo) e covariáveis (idade, tempo de prática, squat jump- SJ, countermovement jump- CMJ, e força de preensão manual esquerda ou direita - HGSl or HGSr), e se desenvolveu uma equação a partir do modelo de regressão logística para melhor interpretar a probabilidade em obter um valor superior do PhA. No terceiro estudo, 38 voleibolistas foram avaliados nos testes de impulsão vertical (CMJ and SJ) e na bioimpedância. Os nossos resultados evidenciaram: (i) uma relação do PhA e o countermovement jump (CMJ) (r = 0.691 [95% CI 0.249 to 0.895], Z = 2.797; p = 0.005); (ii) os praticantes de futebol como tendo 2.2 maior probabilidade de apresentar um PhA mais alto; e (iii) uma correlação positiva entre PhA o CMJ e SJ (r = 0.550, r = 0.559; respectivamente) para jovens atletas de voleibol. Desta forma, foi possível concluir que (i) existe uma relação do PhA com a força muscular de membros inferiores e superiores em atletas; (ii) maiores valores de PhA predispõem os atletas de futebol, futsal e rugby a expressarem maior desempenho de força durante testes de salto ou preensão manual, sendo o futebol o esporte que proporciona maior probabilidade de desenvolver um PhA superior; e (iii) existe uma relação entre o PhA e a força de membros inferiores em jovens atletas de voleibol. Palavras-chave: Jovens atletas; Rendimento esportivo; Composição corporal; Força muscular.
Based on the measurement of total body resistance in relation to the passage of a low amplitude and high frequency electrical current, the bioelectrical impedance test (BIA) measures several indicators such as: resistance, reactance, and phase angle (PhA). The present PhD Thesis had as its main goal to study the PhA and its relationship with muscle strength in athletes from several team sports. And as specific aims (i) to review systematically the literature, with meta-analysis, verifying the relationship between the PhA and strength in athletes; (ii) to verify which team invasion sport (basketball, soccer, futsal, handball and rugby) is more likely to obtain a higher PhA value, considering age, time of sport practice, vertical jump tests and handgrip strength of young athletes; and (iii) to study the relationship between PhA and muscle strength of lower limbs in male volleyball players. In the first study the data sources used were: PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science and the study eligibility criteria were based on the PECOS. In the second study, a total of 248 young athletes were evaluated, after performing the correlations between the PhA and categorical variables (sport and sex) and covariables (age, time of practice, squat jump- SJ, countermovement jump- CMJ, and handgrip strength left or right- HGSl or HGSr), and we developed an equation from a logistic regression model to better interpret the probability to obtain a higher PhA. In the third study, 38 volleyball athletes were evaluated in vertical jump tests (CMJ and SJ) and bioimpedance. Our findings showed a relationship between PhA and the countermovement jump (CMJ) (r = 0.691 [95% CI 0.249 to 0.895], Z = 2.797; p = 0.005); (ii) soccer players as being 2.2 more likely to present a higher PhA; and (iii) a positive correlation between PhA and CMJ and SJ (r = 0.550, r = 0.559; respectively) for young volleyball players. It was possible to conclude (i) the relationship between PhA and muscle strength of lower and upper limbs in athletes; (ii) higher PhA values predisposed soccer, futsal and rugby athletes to express greater strength performance during jump or handgrip tests, being soccer the sport that provided the greatest probability of developing a higher PhA; and (iii) the relationship between PhA and lower limb strength in young volleyball athletes. Keywords: Young athletes; Sports performance; Body composition; Strenght
Based on the measurement of total body resistance in relation to the passage of a low amplitude and high frequency electrical current, the bioelectrical impedance test (BIA) measures several indicators such as: resistance, reactance, and phase angle (PhA). The present PhD Thesis had as its main goal to study the PhA and its relationship with muscle strength in athletes from several team sports. And as specific aims (i) to review systematically the literature, with meta-analysis, verifying the relationship between the PhA and strength in athletes; (ii) to verify which team invasion sport (basketball, soccer, futsal, handball and rugby) is more likely to obtain a higher PhA value, considering age, time of sport practice, vertical jump tests and handgrip strength of young athletes; and (iii) to study the relationship between PhA and muscle strength of lower limbs in male volleyball players. In the first study the data sources used were: PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science and the study eligibility criteria were based on the PECOS. In the second study, a total of 248 young athletes were evaluated, after performing the correlations between the PhA and categorical variables (sport and sex) and covariables (age, time of practice, squat jump- SJ, countermovement jump- CMJ, and handgrip strength left or right- HGSl or HGSr), and we developed an equation from a logistic regression model to better interpret the probability to obtain a higher PhA. In the third study, 38 volleyball athletes were evaluated in vertical jump tests (CMJ and SJ) and bioimpedance. Our findings showed a relationship between PhA and the countermovement jump (CMJ) (r = 0.691 [95% CI 0.249 to 0.895], Z = 2.797; p = 0.005); (ii) soccer players as being 2.2 more likely to present a higher PhA; and (iii) a positive correlation between PhA and CMJ and SJ (r = 0.550, r = 0.559; respectively) for young volleyball players. It was possible to conclude (i) the relationship between PhA and muscle strength of lower and upper limbs in athletes; (ii) higher PhA values predisposed soccer, futsal and rugby athletes to express greater strength performance during jump or handgrip tests, being soccer the sport that provided the greatest probability of developing a higher PhA; and (iii) the relationship between PhA and lower limb strength in young volleyball athletes. Keywords: Young athletes; Sports performance; Body composition; Strenght
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SPORT, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, PHYSICAL EXERCISE, PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE, YOUTH COACHING, BODY COMPOSITION, MUSCULAR STRENGTH, DOUTORAMENTO EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA E DESPORTO, DESPORTO, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO, DESEMPENHO FÍSICO, TREINO DE JOVENS, COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL, FORÇA MUSCULAR, Doutoramento em Educação Física e Desporto