Prevalência do vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) em vacas leiteiras nas ilhas das Flores e do Corvo (Açores)
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2016
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As ilhas das Flores e do Corvo pertencem ao grupo ocidental do arquipélago dos Açores. Existem cerca de 7700 bovinos distribuídos por 372 explorações, das quais, 30 são explorações leiteiras. Neste levantamento, todos os bovinos das explorações leiteiras foram testados para a presença de anticorpos contra a Doença Viral Bovina (BVD) e para a presença de vírus da Doença Viral Bovina (BVDV). O rastreio foi realizado com amostras individuais de soro utilizando o ensaio de imunoabsorção enzimática, teste de anticorpos ELISA (kit comercial ‘IDEXX BVDV total AbTest’) e misturas de amostras de soro utilizando a técnica da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em tempo real (RT-PCR) (kit comercial ‘MagVetTM Universal’ e ‘LSI VetMAX™ BVDV Screening Real-Time PCR Kit, synthetic EPC’). Para os animais com idade igual ou inferior a 6 meses, foi feita a colheita de sangue para tubos com anticoagulante (EDTA) para pesquisa de antigénio anti-BVDV.
A seroprevalência e prevalência de BVDV foi determinada em 30 explorações leiteiras, testando 277 bovinos de Ilha das Flores e 17 de Ilha do Corvo, de setembro de 2015 a janeiro de 2016. Todos os rebanhos leiteiros estavam sob as campanhas oficiais de saneamento, muito deles apresentando problemas de fertilidade.
Não foram identificados animais PI. A prevalência de BVDV ao nível das explorações foi de 100% na ilha do Corvo e 83,3% na ilha das Flores. A seroprevalência de BVDV nos animais foi 36,8% e 83,3% na ilha das Flores e do Corvo, respetivamente
Este estudo é mais um passo para controlar e erradicar a BVDV nos bovinos leiteiros nestas duas ilhas. Dada a alta taxa de animais afetados por BVDV, é essencial tomar medidas nas explorações, fazer um levantamento epidemiológico para descobrir a causa desta seroprevalência, abatendo os animais PI (quando presentes) e implementando medidas para impedir a disseminação do vírus na população de bovinos.
Flores and Corvo islands belong to western group of the Azores archipelago. There are about 7700 bovines distributed by 372 herds from which 30 are dairy herds. In this survey, all cattle from dairy herds were tested for the presence of antibodies against Viral Bovine Disease BVD and for the presence of the Viral Bovine Disease virus (BVDV). The screening was performed with individual serum samples using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ELISA antibody test (commercial kit ‘IDEXX BVDV total AbTest’) and pools of serum samples using Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) (commercial kit ‘MagVetTM Universal’ and ‘LSI VetMAX™ BVDV Screening Real-Time PCR Kit, synthetic EPC’). For animals aged less than 6 months, blood collection was performed with tubes with anticoagulant (EDTA) to investigate the presence of anti-BVDV antigene. Seroprevalence and prevalence of BVDV was determined in 30 dairy herds, testing 277 cattle from Flores Island and 17 from Corvo Island, from Setember 2015 to January 2016. All the dairy herds were under oficial disease control programs and most of them presented fertility problems. Persistently infected animals were not identified. The seroprevalence of BVDV between herds was 100% in Corvo Island and 83,3% in Flores Island. The seroprevalence of BVDV between animals was 36,8% and 83.3% in Flores and Corvo Islands, respectively. This study is another step to control and eradicate the BVDV in cattle in these two islands. Given the high rate of affected animals by BVDV, it is essential to take measures in herds, do an epidemiological survey to find the cause of this high seroprevalence, removing the PI animals (when present) and implementing measures to prevent the dissemination of the virus in cattle population.
Flores and Corvo islands belong to western group of the Azores archipelago. There are about 7700 bovines distributed by 372 herds from which 30 are dairy herds. In this survey, all cattle from dairy herds were tested for the presence of antibodies against Viral Bovine Disease BVD and for the presence of the Viral Bovine Disease virus (BVDV). The screening was performed with individual serum samples using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ELISA antibody test (commercial kit ‘IDEXX BVDV total AbTest’) and pools of serum samples using Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) (commercial kit ‘MagVetTM Universal’ and ‘LSI VetMAX™ BVDV Screening Real-Time PCR Kit, synthetic EPC’). For animals aged less than 6 months, blood collection was performed with tubes with anticoagulant (EDTA) to investigate the presence of anti-BVDV antigene. Seroprevalence and prevalence of BVDV was determined in 30 dairy herds, testing 277 cattle from Flores Island and 17 from Corvo Island, from Setember 2015 to January 2016. All the dairy herds were under oficial disease control programs and most of them presented fertility problems. Persistently infected animals were not identified. The seroprevalence of BVDV between herds was 100% in Corvo Island and 83,3% in Flores Island. The seroprevalence of BVDV between animals was 36,8% and 83.3% in Flores and Corvo Islands, respectively. This study is another step to control and eradicate the BVDV in cattle in these two islands. Given the high rate of affected animals by BVDV, it is essential to take measures in herds, do an epidemiological survey to find the cause of this high seroprevalence, removing the PI animals (when present) and implementing measures to prevent the dissemination of the virus in cattle population.
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Orientação: João Ribeiro Lima
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MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, DOENÇAS DO SISTEMA DIGESTIVO, DIARREIA, DOENÇAS VIRAIS, GADO LEITEIRO, ESTUDOS DE CASO, AÇORES, AZORES, ILHA DAS FLORES, ILHA DO CORVO, VETERINARY MEDICINE, DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISEASES, DIARRHOEA, VIRAL DISEASES, DAIRY CATTLE, CASE STUDIES