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Item Analyzing the attractiveness of Businesses to receive Investments for a creative and innovative transition to a circular economy: the case of the textile and fashion industry(MDPI, 2023-04-13) Silva, Wesley Douglas Oliveira; Fontana, Marcele Elisa; Almeida, Bianca; Marques, Pedro Carmona; Vidal, Raphaela; Faculdade de EngenhariaExcessive and often compulsive consumption has given the textile–fashion industry the reputation of being one of the industries causing the most pollution in today’s world. For this reason, there is a necessity for a transition from a linear to a circular approach in the textile–fashion industry. However, this is not an easy task, especially when considering the investments that must be made to put a circular economy structure into practice. In this sense, the transition to a circular economy in the textile–fashion industry presents a unique opportunity for businesses to attract investments to support this transition by leveraging creativity and innovation to reduce waste, minimize resource consumption, and increase the longevity of products and materials. Therefore, this study sets out to develop a multicriteria decision support model to measure the attractiveness of businesses to receive investments that aim at aiding the transition to the circular economy. The model uses the “play card” from Simos’ procedure and the Normalize software that provide a comprehensive, consistent, and transparent approach to decision making, which can help investors to evaluate the attractiveness of investment opportunities and identify businesses that have the potential for long-term success in the circular economy. Hence, catalyzing and obstructing factors of the circular economy discussed in the literature were selected to underpin the analysis model and to draw up robust investment recommendations to the investors. In addition to the scientific contributions of the model, indications are also provided to the private sector, public policy makers, and society on how sustainability can be driven by the circular economy.Item Building sustainable creativity: a conceptual framework(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2019) Marques,Pedro Carmona; Faculdade de EngenhariaClimate change, limited energy resources and population growth raise questions about sustainability and decisions for future generations. There is a need to contribute to a more sustainable world. This can be achieved with the use of creativity in, for example, product lifecycle management. Built on the literature about creativity and sustainability, a conceptual framework of sustainable creativity is proposed on the integration of the fields. The proposed framework is an attempt to the creation of sustainable concepts and includes the domains of “decomposition” and “integration” where the problem-, idea-, and concept-space are built on. Feedback loops are analysed and discussed as an important part of any radical/incremental product/service development within lifecycle management activities.Item Capacitação social – comunidades em território de risco; Social empowerment – communities in territories at risk(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2018-04) Santos, Isabel Abreu dos; Vasconcelos, Lia Maldonado Teles de; Pires, Iva; Faculdade de EngenhariaVivemos numa sociedade em que os cidadãos enfrentam uma multiplicidade de riscos, de diversas naturezas e níveis de complexidade, e na qual a elevada ocorrência de acidentes afeta a estrutura social das comunidades, a saúde humana e o ambiente natural e edificado. Há uma crescente consciencialização da necessidade de dar resposta a estas situações. O principal desafio da investigação é o de verificar se a prática de exercícios à escala real, envolvendo autoridades, decisores, academia e as pessoas, permite uma melhor preparação para as ações individuais e coletivas de prevenção e atuação face à ocorrência de um desastre. A metodologia aplicada baseou-se na análise de estudos de caso, com observação e participação de quatro exercícios LIVEX, simulacros realizados à escala real, entre 2012 e 2015, numa comunidade portuguesa, localizada em território de risco. Os exercícios referiram-se a um cenário de risco tecnológico (acidente industrial) e três cenários de risco natural (sismo). A análise de resultados do estudo, permitiu testar a participação das populações, a utilização de equipamentos, e as relações institucionais de resposta à emergência (nomeadamente as comunicações). Possibilitou ainda inferir que a forma mais eficiente de aprender é pela experiência, no individual ou no coletivo. As conclusões permitem afirmar que a prática de realização de exercícios LIVEX contribuem para a construção de conhecimento, geração de confiança nas instituições e profissionais, na comunicação de ciência, levando ao empoderando das pessoas para tomarem as decisões mais acertadas em face de situações limite em que a sua vida e dos seus familiares se pode encontrar em perigo. Setúbal, pela prática continuada de modelos de participação ativa em exercícios à escala real, pode vir a constituir uma comunidade de prática, um exemplo tipo a ser replicado por outras comunidades.Item Comparing Freshman and doctoral engineering students in design: mapping with a descriptive framework(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2019-07-29) Marques, Pedro Carmona; Faculdade de EngenhariaThis paper reports the results of a study of engineering students’ approaches to an open-ended design problem. To carry out this, sketches and interviews were collected from 9 freshmen (first year) and 10 doctoral engineering students, when they designed solutions for orange squeezers. Sketches and interviews were analysed and mapped with a descriptive ‘ideation framework’ (IF) of the design process, to document and compare their design creativity (Carmona Marques, P., A. Silva, E. Henriques, and C. Magee. 2014. “A Descriptive Framework of the Design Process from a Dual Cognitive Engineering Perspective.” International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation 2 (3): 142–164). The results show that the designers worked in a manner largely consistent with the IF for generalisation and specialisation loops. Also, doctoral students produced more alternative solutions during the ideation process. In addition, compared to freshman, doctoral used the generalisation loop of the IF, working at higher levels of abstraction. The iterative nature of design is highlighted during this study – a potential contribution to decrease the gap between both groups in engineering education.Item O contributo da igualdade de género para as operações na Guarda Nacional Republicana(Iberian Journal of Information System and Technologies, 2023-10) Malheiro, Luís Carlos Rodrigues; Bessa, Fernando José da Conceição; Reis, João Carlos Gonçalves Dos; Saraiva, Luís Eduardo; Faculdade de EngenhariaO presente estudo foi conduzido com o foco de: analisar o contributo da igualdade de género para o sucesso das operações na Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR). Baseado em um raciocino indutivo, com uma estratégia predominantemente qualitativa e um desenho de estudo de caso, foi recolhida informação com recurso a entrevistas semiestruturadas junto de dez decisores com experiência na área das operações da GNR. Após recolha e tratamento da informação primária, tendo por base o método comparado, foi possível confirmar, em outras realidades/latitudes, algumas tendências que emergiram na revisão da literatura. O caminho desenvolvido permite avançar que: (1) a perspetiva de género ainda não é incorporada no planeamento das operações da GNR; (2) o processo de integração das mulheres ainda não está concluído sendo necessário recrutar mais mulheres; (3) existem decisores ligados às operações da GNR que concordam com limitações às tarefas/missões operacionais a realizar por/pelas mulheres; (4) a principal limitação identificada sobre a inclusão de mulheres nas operações está ligada à logística e; (5) era importante ter mais mulheres para otimizar as operações da GNR, sobretudo para missões e tarefas como revistas a mulheres e o projeto Investigação e Apoio a Vítimas Específicas.Item Defence industries and open innovation: ways to increase military capabilities of the Portuguese ground forces(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2022) Reis, João Carlos Gonçalves dos; Melão, Nuno; Costa, Joana; Pernica, Bohuslav; Faculdade de EngenhariaThe European Defence Industry is undergoing profound changes. Industrial activity is now operating on a quintuple helix innovation model with the deep involvement of universities and governments in innovation. In addition, military innovations are being transferred to civil society, with increasing attention paid to the environment. In the first stage, we report on the state-of-the-art of existing research using PRISMA protocol. The PRISMA technique is widely accepted by the academic community for its ability to discover concepts, ideas, and debates about the defence industry. In the second stage, we present a case study involving the Portuguese Defence Industry, for which multiple data collection sources were used to ensure triangulation and corroboration. The results show that, in the light of the quintuple helix innovation model, it was possible to bring applications from theoretical discussion to real life. Moreover, within the scope of the triple helix, it was possible to develop, produce and test military products, allowing to improve the military capacity of ground forces. In the future, ecological concerns will likely increase, so we suggest a greater focus on this area of research. KEYWORDS : Defence industry; open innovation; ground military forces; quintuple helixItem A descriptive framework of the design process from a dual cognitive-engineering perspective(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2019) Marques,Pedro Carmona; Faculdade de EngenhariaThis article proposes a new descriptive framework, which we label as the “ideation framework” (IF), of the design process from a dual cognitive-engineering perspective, partly based on existing frameworks from both fields and previous work by the author. The framework is for the ideation or front-end phase of the product development process, representing the interface between cognitive psychology and engineering design. Three domains – inspiration, decomposition, and integration – and three spaces – problem-space, idea-space, and concept-space – are the elements of the framework. The iterative flow of the engineering design process passes through the three domains in a semi-controlled way, through a sequence of specialization and generalization process loops in and between the spaces. An empirical descriptive examination of the ideation process is performed using designers with limited design experience. The designers were faced with a design problem that they had to solve in a limited period of time. Their designs were analyzed, and a post-exercise interview was done to uncover each of the participants’ design process. The empirical work indicates these designers worked in a manner largely consistent with the IF.Item Digital transformation: A meta-review and guidelines for future research(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2023) Reis, João; Melão, Nuno; Faculdade de EngenhariaThe emergence of digital transformation has changed the business landscape for the foreseeable future. As scholars advance their understanding and digital transformation begins to gain maturity, it becomes necessary to develop a synthesis to create solid foundations. To do so, significant steps need to be taken to critically, rigorously, and transparently examine the existing literature. Therefore, this article uses a meta-review with the support of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Protocol. As a result, we identified six dimensions and seventeen categories related to digital transformation. The organizational, technological, and social dimensions are still pivotal in digital transformation, while two new dimensions (sustainability and smart cities) still need to be explored in the existing literature. The need to deepen knowledge in digital transformation and refine the dimensions found is of paramount importance, as it involves some complexity due to organizational dynamics and the development of new technologies. It was also possible to identify opportunities, challenges, and future directions.Item Drop Project: an automatic assessment tool for programming assignments(Elsevier B.V., 2022-06-01) Cipriano, Bruno Pereira; Fachada, Nuno; Alves, Pedro; Faculdade de EngenhariaAutomated assessment tools (AATs) are software systems used in teaching environments to automate the evaluation of computer programs implemented by students. These tools can be used to stimulate the interest of computer science students in programming courses by providing quick feedback on their work and highlighting their mistakes. Despite the abundance of such tools, most of them are developed for a specific course and are not production-ready. Others lack advanced features that are required for certain pedagogical goals (e.g. Git integration) and/or are not flexible enough to be used with students having different computer literacy levels, such as first year and second year students. In this paper we present Drop Project (DP), an automated assessment tool built on top of the Maven build automation software. We have been using DP in our teaching activity since 2018, having received more than fifty thousand submissions between projects, classroom exercises, tests and homework assignments. The tool’s automated feedback has allowed us to raise the difficulty level of the course’s projects, while the grading process has become more efficient and consistent between different teachers. DP is an extensively tested, production-ready tool. The software’s code and documentation are available in GitHub under an open-source software license. Keywords: Automated assessment ;Computer science education; Programming education ; Unit testingItem Economic disposal quantity of leftovers kept in storage : a monte carlo simulation method(De Gruyter Open Access, 2019) Marques, Pedro Carmona; Assis, R.; Vidal, R.; Santos, J. Oliveira; Faculdade de EngenhariaThis article describes how to reach an item's threshold, or in other words, the limit time for it to be retrieved from stock and sold for a different use, as well as the remaining foreseen period for this situation to occur. Once a minimum length, or weight, is reached, left quantities are more difficult to sell, as demand often exceeds the remaining parts or leftovers. The number of unfulfilled orders increases, as time goes by, until it becomes further cost effective to dispose the leftover and sell it for a lower price and alternative use. A Monte Carlo simulation model was built in order to consider the randomness of future transactions and quantifying consequences providing this way a simple and effective decision-making framework.Item Economic disposal quantity of leftovers kept in storage: a Monte Carlo simulation method(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2019) Assis, Rui; Marques, Pedro Carmona; Santos, José Oliveira; Vidal, Raphaela; Faculdade de EngenhariaThis article describes how to reach an item’s threshold, or in other words, the limit time for it to be re 5 trieved from stock and sold for a different use, as well as the remaining foreseen period for this situation to occur. Once a minimum length, or weight, is reached, left quan tities are more difficult to sell, as demand often exceeds the remaining parts or leftovers. The number of unfulfilled 10 orders increases, as time goes by, until it becomes further cost effective to dispose the leftover and sell it for a lower price and alternative use. A Monte Carlo simulation model was built in order to consider the randomness of future transactions and quantifying consequences providing this 15 way a simple and effective decision-making. KEYWORDS: Decision-making ; Economical Optimization ; Monte-Carlo Simulation ; Stochastic ProcessItem Enlarged PLIN5-uncoated lipid droplets in inner regions of skeletal muscle type II fibers associate with type 2 diabetes(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2022-02) Fachada,Vasco; Rahkila,Paavo; Fachada,Nuno; Turpeinen,Tuomas; Kujala,Urho M.; Kainulainen,Heikki; Faculdade de EngenhariaSkeletal muscle physiology remains of paramount importance in understanding insulin resistance. Due to its high lipid turnover rates, regulation of intramyocellular lipid droplets (LDs) is a key factor. Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is one of the most critical agents in such regulation, being often referred as a protector against lipotoxicity and consequent skeletal muscle insulin resistance. We examined area fraction, size, subcellular localization and PLIN5 association of LDs in two fiber types of type 2 diabetic (T2D), obese (OB) and healthy (HC) individuals by means of fluorescence microscopy and image analysis. We found that T2D type II fibers have a significant sub-population of large and internalized LDs, uncoated by PLIN5. Based on this novel result, additional hypotheses for the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle insulin resistance are formulated, together with future research directions. Keywords: Lipid droplets, PLIN5, Type II diabetes, Skeletal muscle, Insulin resistance, Fiber typeItem Generating multidimensional clusters with support lines(Elsevier, 2023) Fachada, Nuno; de Andrade, Diogo; Faculdade de EngenhariaSynthetic data is essential for assessing clustering techniques, complementing and extending real data, and allowing for more complete coverage of a given problem’s space. In turn, synthetic data generators have the potential of creating vast amounts of data – a crucial activity when real-world data is at premium – while providing a well-understood generation procedure and an interpretable instrument for methodically investigating cluster analysis algorithms. Here, we present Clugen, a modular procedure for synthetic data generation, capable of creating multidimensional clusters supported by line segments using arbitrary distributions. Clugen is open source, comprehensively unit tested and documented, and is available for the Python, R, Julia, and MATLAB/Octave ecosystems. We demonstrate that our proposal can produce rich and varied results in various dimensions, is fit for use in the assessment of clustering algorithms, and has the potential to be a widely used framework in diverse clustering-related research tasks. Keywords: Synthetic data, Clustering, Data generation, Multidimensional dataItem A igualdade de género na União Europeia: a implementação da agenda mulheres, paz e segurança(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2022) Malheiro, Luís Carlos Rodrigues; Menezes, Elisabete Sofia Nabais de Oliveira de Freitas e; Reis, João Carlos Gonçalves dos; Machado, Paulo Daniel Duarte; Romão, Ana Maria Carapelho; Bessa, Fernando José da Conceição; Faculdade de EngenhariaA presente investigação versa sobre a promoção da igualdade de género nas organizações de segurança da União Europeia. Face à aprendizagem decorrente das ações dos vinte anos da implementação da agenda mulheres, paz e segurança que enfatizam os desafios que subsistem na sua adoção, surgiu a questão que guiou o presente estudo: que fatores influenciam a implementação da agenda mulheres, paz e segurança na União Europeia? O estudo foi materializado na análise dos conceitos estruturantes que permitiram desenhar o modelo analítico criado para dar resposta à lacuna identificada. Em seguida, o estudo foi reforçado pela comparação dos resultados da mensuração de fatores, recolhidos junto de organizações do espectro da segurança da União Europeia, que apresentam diversos níveis de implementação da agenda. A investigação permitiu sublinhar a importância da fase de implementação da agenda, ao nível institucional, para promoção da mudança sendo crucial: explicitar a igualdade nos documentos internos e nos objetivos para o dirigente máximo; estabelecer regras sobre o respeito pela dignidade das mulheres e dos homens no local de trabalho; incluir a perspetiva de género no orçamento e alocar verbas; estabelecer o princípio da não discriminação e a promoção da igualdade nos planos de formação, promovendo a realização de formações; divulgar os direitos e deveres dos trabalhadores sobre igualdade e não discriminação; fomentar políticas sectoriais que reforcem a igualdade; enfatizar a igualdade no planeamento estratégico; e delinear e levar a cabo um plano para implementar a agenda.Item Impact of artificial intelligence research on politics of the European Union member states : the case study of Portugal(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2020-08) Reis, João Carlos Gonçalves dos; Espírito Santo, Paula do; Melão, Nuno; Faculdade de EngenhariaCurrently, artificial intelligence (AI) is at the center of academic and public debate. However, its implications on politics remain little understood. To understand the impact of the AI phenomenon on politics of the European Union (EU), we have carried out qualitative multimethod research by performing a systematic literature review and a case study. The first method was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), in order to report the state-of-the-art in the existing literature and explore the most relevant research areas. The second method contained contributions from experts in data science and AI of the Portuguese scientific community. The results showed that solutions such as intelligent decision support systems are improving the political decision-making process and impacting the Portuguese society at local, regional, and national levels. We also found that practitioners and scientists are currently shifting their interests from environmental and biological sciences to healthcare services, which is bringing new challenges in terms of protecting patient/citizen data and growing concerns about handling of critical information. Future research may focus on comparative studies with other EU States to obtain a comprehensive and holistic understanding of the AI phenomenon.Item Improvement of Aglycone Content in Soy Isoflavones Extract by Free and Immobilized β-Glucosidase and Their Effects in Lipid Accumulation(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2020-06) Angelotti, Joelise; Dias, Fernanda; Sato, Hélia; Fernandes, Pedro Carlos de Barros; Nakajima, Vânia; Macedo, Juliana; Faculdade de EngenhariaSoybean is one of the most important commodities in the world, being applied in feed crops and food, pharmaceutical industries in different ways. Soy is rich in isoflavones that in aglycone forms have exhibited significant anti-obesity and anti-lipogenic effects. Obesity is a global problem as several diseases have been related to this worldwide epidemic. The aim of this work was to verify the effect of free and immobilized β-glucosidase, testing Lentikats, and sol–gel as carriers. Moreover, we wanted to examine if the different types of hydrolysis would generate extracts with distinct biological activity concerning lipid accumulation, PPAR-α regulation, and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 concentrations using in vitro assays. Our results show that all formulations of β-glucosidase could hydrolyze soy isoflavones. Thus, after 24 h of incubation, daidzein content increased 2.6-, 10.8-, and 12.2-fold; and genistein content increased 11.7, 11.4, and 11.4 times with the use of free enzyme, Lentikats®, and sol–gel immobilized enzyme, respectively. Moreover, both methodologies for enzyme immobilization led to promising forms of biocatalysts for application in the production of soy extracts rich in isoflavones aglycones, which are expected to bring about health benefits. A mild lipogenic effect was observed for some concentrations of extracts, as well as a slight inhibition in PPAR-α expression, although no significant differences were noticeable in the cytokines TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6 as compared with the control.Item Integrating Product-Service Systems with New Business Models Definition for Manufacturing Industries(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2019) Marques, Pedro Carmona; Faculdade de EngenhariaNowadays, manufacturing companies are pressured to be competitive and innovative. Particularly this concerns the delivery of value to their customers. The assessment of the overall value chain, designed and implemented for a specific product and/or service, should be sustained by new business models (NBM), thus contributing to higher levels of customer satisfaction. Integrated product-services are assuming importance, allowing manufacturing companies to achieve longer and stable relationships with their customers. This requires, among other, organizational changes and novel methodologies for product-service development. In fact, an effective integration allows product-service innovation, which being exploited, contributes significantly to businesses’ competitiveness and sustainability. In this paper, a “roadmap” for NBM definition and implementation is presented, along with a new methodology for Product-Service Systems (PSS) development. Two case studies are used to test both the roadmap and the PSS methodology. As such, this work is expected to contribute to a clear understanding of NBM and their integration in a methodology for PSS.Item Inulinase from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa: immobilization and application in the production of fructooligosaccharides(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2021) Ribeiro, Geise Camila de Araújo; Fernandes, Pedro Carlos de Barros; Silva, Dayse Alessandra Almeida; Brandão, Hugo Neves; Assis, Sandra Aparecida de; Faculdade de EngenhariaThe crude extract containing inulinase from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was obtained by submerged fermentation. Inulinase was immobilized on chicken eggshell by physical adsorption and covalent crosslinking, using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking reagent, and Celite by adsorption. Fructooligosaccharides production was performed using immobilized inulinase (5%, w/v) and inulin substrate solution under experimental conditions evaluated through Doehlert experimental design. The production of inulinase was optimized for concentrations of D-glucose and yeast extract at 12.5 and 0.5 g/L, respectively, resulting in an optimal activity of 0.62 U. The optimal pH and temperature for enzyme activity were 8.0 and 75 °C, respectively, leading to an optimal activity of 3.54 U. The highest immobilization efficiency (46.27%) was obtained upon immobilization on Celite. Immobilization by adsorption to eggshell allowed for specific activity of 4.15 U/g, and adsorption to Celite resulted in specific activity of 3.70 U/g. The highest titer in fructooligosaccharides was obtained with an initial inulin concentration of 250 g/L (25%, w/v), and a reaction time of 16 h. Hence, immobilized inulinase proved to be a promising catalyst for fructooligosaccharides production since the formulation is performed through a simple, low-cost, and large-scale applicable methodology.Item Microfluidic bioreactors for enzymatic synthesis in packed-bed reactors—Multi-step reactions and upscaling(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2020) Brás, Eduardo João Silva; Domingues, Cristiana; Chu, Virgínia; Fernandes, Pedro Carlos de Barros; Conde, João Pedro; Faculdade de EngenhariaEnzymatic synthesis of biochemical commodities is of upmost importance as it represents a greener alternative to traditional chemical synthesis and provides easier downstream processing strategies compared to fermentation-based processes. A microfluidic system used to optimize the enzymatic production of both levodopa (L-DOPA) and dopamine in both single-step and multistep-reaction sequences with yield of approximately 30 % for L-DOPA production and 70 % for dopamine production is presented. The system for L-DOPA production was then up-scaled (780-fold increase) to a milliliter scale system by maintaining similar mass transport properties resulting in the same yield, space-time yield and biocatalyst yield as its microscale counterpart. The results obtained for yield and biocatalyst yield (351.7 mgL-DOPA mg−1Tyr h−1) were similar to what is reported in the literature for similar systems, however the space-time yield (0.806 mgL-DOPA L−1 h−1) was smaller. This work demonstrates a microfluidic bioreactor that can be used for complex optimizations that can be performed rapidly while reducing the consumption of reagents by immobilizing the catalyst on a carrier which can then be used in a packed-bed reactor, thus extending the enzyme life spanItem MN-DS: A Multilabeled News Dataset for News Articles Hierarchical Classification(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-04-23) Petukhova, Alina; Fachada, Nuno; Faculdade de EngenhariaThis article presents a dataset of 10,917 news articles with hierarchical news categories collected between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2019. We manually labeled the articles based on a hierarchical taxonomy with 17 first-level and 109 second-level categories. This dataset can be used to train machine learning models for automatically classifying news articles by topic. This dataset can be helpful for researchers working on news structuring, classification, and predicting future events based on released news. Keywords: news dataset; text classification; NLP; media topic taxonomy