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Item Morphological and fitness attributes of young male Portuguese basketball players: normative values according to chronological age and years from peak height velocity(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2021) Ramos, Sérgio Bruno Antunes; Massuça, Luís Miguel Rosado da Cunha; Volossovitch, Anna; Ferreira, António Paulo; Fragoso, Maria Isabel; Faculdade de Educação Física e DesportoThe aims of the present study were: (i) to describe the structural and functional attributes of young male Portuguese basketball players aged 12–16 years and (ii) to generate normative data according to chronological age and years from peak height velocity. A total of 281 male Portuguese young basketball players between the ages of 12 and 16 years were assessed in this study. Chronological age, maturity parameters (maturity offset and predicted age at peak height velocity), morphological (body mass, height, and skinfolds and length), and fitness (sprint, change of direction ability, jump, and upper body strength) attributes were measured. Descriptive statistics were determined for the age and maturity status, and the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles were chosen as reference values. Descriptive and normative values of the players’ morphological and fitness attributes, stratified by age and maturity status, are provided. The normative values of age at peak height velocity (category YAPHV = 0) showed that regional basketball players presented average values (50th percentile) of 169.8 cm for height, 173.3 cm for arm span, 55.6 kg for body mass, 3.34 s for the 20-m speed test, 10.31 s for the T-test, 4.75 m for the 2-kg medicine ball throw, 66.9 kg for the combined right and left handgrip strength, and 30.1 and 35.9 cm for jump height in the countermovement jump (CMJ) and CMJ with arm swing, respectively. In conclusion, these results may be helpful to quantify and control an athlete’s performance over time and to adjust strength and conditioning programs to biological demands.Item Differences in maturity, morphological, and fitness attributes between the better- and lower-ranked male and female U-14 portuguese elite regional basketball teams(National Strength and Conditioning Association, 2018) Ramos, Sérgio Bruno Antunes; Volossovitch, Anna; Ferreira, António Paulo; Barrigas, Carlos Ferreira; Fragoso, Maria Isabel; Massuça, Luís Miguel Rosado da Cunha; Faculdade de Educação Física e DesportoRamos, S, Volossovitch, A, Ferreira, AP, Barrigas, C, Fragoso, I, and Massuc¸ a, L. Differences in maturity, morphological and fitness attributes between the better- and lower-ranked male and female U-14 Portuguese elite regional basketball teams. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2018—During a national championship, the anthropometric, physiological, and maturation attributes of 13–14-year-old players of regional selection basketball teams and their association with team’s final classification were analyzed. Body parameters (weight, height, skinfolds, and lengths) were measured and physiological capacities assessed by sprint (20 m), agility, jump, and upper-body strength tests. Chronological age, maturity offset (years from age at peak height velocity; YAPHV), and predicted age at peak height velocity were calculated. In both sexes, no significant differences were found for maturity. Anthropometric and physiological analysis indicated that male players from finalist’s teams were significantly faster, were more agile, threw the medicine ball longer, and showed lower percentages of body fat than players from lower-ranked teams. Further, semifinalists were faster than lower-ranked players. In the same sense, female players from semifinalist teams demonstrated to be significantly faster, more agile, and threw the medicine ball longer than female players from lower-ranked teams. In addition, discriminant analysis showed that speed (in boys) and the combination of speed and upper limb strength (in girls) could successfully discriminate players with different performances in a championship. In conclusion, speed and upper limb strength appear to be the physical attributes associated with better team performance in youth basketball. Coaches should be aware of the relationship between the improvement of these physical attributes and the teaching-learning process of the basketball game.Item Linking tensegrity to sports team collective behaviors: towards the group-tensegrity hypothesis(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2020) Caldeira, Paulo Jorge Pereira; Fonseca, Sérgio Teixeira da; Paulo, Ana Margarida do Amaral; Infante, Jorge; Araújo, Duarte; Faculdade de Educação Física e DesportoCollective behaviors in sports teams emerge from the coordination between players formed from their perception of shared affordances. Recent studies based on the theoretical framework of ecological dynamics reported new analytical tools to capture collective behavior variables that describe team synergies. Here, we introduce a novel hypothesis based on the principles of tensegrity to describe collective behavior. Tensegrity principles operate in the human body at different size scales, from molecular to organism levels, in structures connected physically (biotensegrity). Thus, we propose that a group of individuals connected by information can exhibit synergies based on the same principles (group-tensegrity), and we provide an empirical example based on the dynamics of a volleyball team sub-phase of defense.Item Differences in maturity, morphological and physical attributes between players selected to the primary and secondary teams of a Portuguese Basketball elite academy(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2019) Ramos, Sérgio Bruno Antunes; Volossovitch, Anna; Ferreira, António Paulo; Fragoso, Maria Isabel; Massuça, Luís Miguel Rosado da Cunha; Faculdade de Educação Física e DesportoThe present study aims (i) to compare the maturational, morphological and fitness attributes of young basketball players of primary and secondary teams of an elite basketball academy, and (ii) to identify the set of morphological and fitness attributes which better discriminate the players from the two teams. A total of 116 male basketball players of an elite basketball academy were divided into primary (team A) and secondary (team B) teams in two age groups (U-14 and U-16). All the players were evaluated during two consecutive seasons and data related to players’ practice experience, maturational, morphological and fitness attributes were collected at the beginning of the competition period. The results of the study suggest that: (i) in both age categories, team A players were older, more mature, bigger in size and had greater fitness profiles than team B players; (ii) stature and abdominal resistance were identified as discriminant attributes for youth basketball player performance; (iii) aerobic capacity for U-14 and agility for U-16 were identified as specific discriminant attributes for performance in youth basketball. Coaches are recom mended to avoid premature talent identification and provide players with opportunities to progress through the talent pathway, at least until U-16 age category.Item Unilateral versus bilateral landing after spike jumps in male and female volleyball: a systematic review(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2021) Neves, José Afonso Coelho; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Lima, Ricardo Franco; Laporta, Lorenzo; Paulo, Ana Margarida do Amaral; Castro, Henrique de Oliveira; Costa, Gustavo de Conti Teixeira; García-de-Alcaraz, António; Araújo, Rui Manuel Flores; Silva, Ana Filipa Braga Barroso Campos; Ardigò, Luca Paolo; Clemente, Filipe Manuel Batista; Faculdade de Educação Física e DesportoBackground: The spike is a key action in volleyball, and the landing technique and its asymmetries are commonly associated with an increased risk of injury. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to assess how male and female volleyball players land (i.e., unilaterally, or bilaterally) after spike jumps in matches and analytical settings (field or laboratory). Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines were followed, with eligibility criteria defined according to participants, interventions, comparators, study design (PICOS): (p) healthy indoor volleyball players of any sex, age group, or competitive level; (i) exposure to landing after spike actions during official matches AND/OR simulated 6 vs. 6 games AND/OR analytical training conditions AND/OR laboratorial experiments; (c) not mandatory; (o) data on landing mechanics after spike actions, including reporting of whether the landing was unilateral or bilateral; (s) no restrictions imposed on study design. Searches were performed in seven electronic databases (Cochrane Library, EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) on 23 April 2021. Results: Automated searches provided 420 results. Removal of 119 duplicates resulted in 301 records being screened for titles and abstracts. A total of 25 studies were eligible for full-text analysis. Of these, eight studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in the review. Studies showed that (i) attackers landed asymmetrically 68% of the times (61% left leg, 7% right leg); (ii) bilateral asymmetries were observed for the hip, knee, and ankle joints; (iii) bilateral asymmetries were observed even when players were instructed to land evenly on two feet; (iv) landing contact of the leg opposite to the hitting arm preceded the contact of the homolateral leg. One match analysis study showed that men landed more often on the left (31.5%) or right foot (8.5%) than women (23.7% and 1.6%). Conclusions: Studies analyzing spike landing showed a prevalence of unilateral landings (mostly the left leg first, for right-handed players) in men and women but more prevalently in men. Registration INPLASY202140104, DOI: 10.37766/inplasy2021.4.0104.Item Systematic review of the relationships between 24-hour movement behaviours and health indicators in school-aged children from Arab-speaking countries(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2021) Alanazi, Yazeed A.; Sá, Eduarda Sousa; Chong, Kar Hau; Parrish, Anne-Maree; Okely, Anthony D.; Faculdade de Educação Física e DesportoThe Australian and Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth synthesized studies in English and French or other languages (if able to be translated with Google translate) and found very few studies published in English from Arabic countries that examined the relationship between objectively measured sedentary behaviour (SB), sleep and physical activity (PA) and health indicators in children aged 5–12 years. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the relationships between 24-hour movement behaviours and health indicators in schoolaged children from Arab-speaking countries. Online databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTdiscus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus were searched for English, French and Arabic studies (written in English), while Saudi Digital Library, ArabBase, HumanIndex, KSUP, Pan-Arab Academic Journal, e-Marefa, Al Manhal eLibrary and Google Scholar were searched for Arabic studies. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework was used to assess the risk of bias and the quality of evidence for each health indicator. A total of 16 studies, comprising 15,346 participants from nine countries were included. These studies were conducted between 2000 and 2019. In general, low levels of PA and sleep and high SB were unfavourably associated with adiposity outcomes, behavioural problems, depression and low self-esteem. Favourable associations were reported between sleep duration and adiposity outcomes. SB was favourably associated with adiposity outcomes, withdrawn behaviour, attention and externalizing problems. PA was favourably associated with improved self-esteem and adiposity outcomes. Further studies to address the inequality in the literature in the Arab-speaking countries to understand the role of 24-hour movement behaviours and its positive influence on health outcomes across childhood are urgently needed.Item Discriminant analysis of anthropometric and training variables among runners of different competitive levels(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2021) Thuany, Mabliny; Souza, Raphael Fabricio; Hill, Lee; Mesquita, João Lino; Rosemann, Thomas; Knechtle, Beat; Pereira, Sara Isabel Sampaio; Gomes, Thayse; Faculdade de Educação Física e DesportoThe purpose of this study was to investigate the multivariate profile of different types of Brazilian runners and to identify the discriminant pattern of the distinct types of runners, as a runners' ability to self-classify well. The sample comprised 1235 Brazilian runners of both sexes (492 women; 743 men), with a mean age of 37.94 ± 9.46 years. Individual characteristics were obtained through an online questionnaire: Sex, age, body height (m) and body mass (kg), socioeconomic status, and training information (i.e., self-classification, practice time, practice motivation, running pace, frequency and training volume/week). Multivariate analysis of variance was conducted by sex and the discriminant analysis was used to identify which among running pace, practice time, body mass index and volume/training could differentiate groups such as "professional athletes", "amateur athletes" and "recreational athletes". For both sexes, running pace was the variable that better discriminated the groups, followed by BMI and volume/week. The practice time is not a good indicator to differentiate runner's types. In both sexes, semi-professional runners were those that better self-classify themselves, with amateur runners presenting the highest classification error. This information can be used to guide the long-term training, athlete's selection programs, and to identify the strengths and weaknesses of athletes.Item Where are the best european road runners and what are the country variables related to it?(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2021) Thuany, Mabliny; Pereira, Sara Isabel Sampaio; Hill, Lee; Santos, Jean; Rosemann, Thomas; Knechtle, Beat; Gomes, Thayse; Faculdade de Educação Física e DesportoBackground: The environment can play a relevant role in performance in runners. This study aimed to verify the distribution of the best European road runners across the continent, and to investigate variables related to country representatives in the European Senior outdoor top list 2019. Methods: The sample comprised 563 European runners, aged 18–48 years, ranked in the European Senior outdoor top list 2019 for distances of 10–42 km. Country-related variables were gross domestic product (GDP), competition place, population size, and sports investment. The countries were categorized as “top ten countries” or “other countries”. Binary logistic regression was used for analysis. Results: The United Kingdom showed the highest prevalence of runners in the ranking (men—17.6%; women—23.0%), followed by Spain (male ranking—12.1%) and Germany (female ranking—8.6%). For men, sports investment (OR = 1.13; CI95% = 1.03–1.28) and country GDP (OR = 0.96; CI95% = 0.93–0.98) showed an association with the chances of the athlete to reach the Top 10 ranking, while among women, the only variable significantly related was the competition venue (OR = 3.97; CI95% = 1.40–11.23). Conclusion: As in other sports considered “non-expensive”, the economic and demographic characteristics of the place where athletes train can provide advantages in performance.Item Perspetivas e entendimentos dos praticantes portugueses de karaté sobre o conceito de Budô(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2016-12-01) Rosa, Vitor; Faculdade de Educação Física e DesportoItem Biological and environmental influences on motor coordination in Peruvian children and adolescents(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2021) Pereira, Sara Isabel Sampaio; Bustamante, Alcibíades; Santos, Carla Sofia Pinho dos; Hedeker, Donald; Tani, Go; Silva, Rui Manuel Garganta da; Vasconcelos, Maria Olga Fernandes; Baxter-Jones, Adam; Katzmarzyk, Peter T.; Maia, José António Ribeiro; Faculdade de Educação Física e DesportoThis study investigated the associations between biological and environmental factors and gross-motor coordination (GMC) in Peruvian children and adolescents. The sample comprised 7401 boys and girls, aged 6–14 years, recruited from three geographical regions: sea-level, Amazon and high-altitude. Biological variables included age, sex, height, BMI, physical fitness, stunting, and maturational status. Environmental influences included geographical region and school characteristics. Gross-motor coordination was tested with the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder and the data analyzed by multilevel logistic regression. Results showed a high prevalence of below normal GMC scores. Sex, age, geographical area, biological maturation, BMI (normal versus overweight/obesity), and stunting were all significant predictors of GMC. There was also an interaction between age, sex, and geographical area indicating that older girls who lived at sea-level and high-altitude were more likely to display below normal GMC scores. The school context was less important in predicting GMC problems than the interplay between biological characteristics and geographical region. These results suggest that early identification, as well as educational and pediatric care interventions, are of importance in reducing below normal GMC among Peruvian children and adolescents.