ULP/HEI-Lab - Artigos de Revistas Internacionais com Arbitragem Científica

URI permanente para esta coleção:https://hdl.handle.net/10437/12401

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Looking for a pattern : error analysis as a diagnostic assessment for making instructional decisions to promote academic success
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2020) Tabacu, Lucia M.; Watson, Silvana Maria; Chezar, Laura C.; Gable, Robert; Oliveira, Célia R.; Lopes, João; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
We examined the type of errors on multiplication and division computation problems of 326 rising fifth graders enrolled in four elementary schools in Northern Portugal. We further examined whether there was a difference in the number of errors across age and whether there was an association between students’ performance on number knowledge and multiplication and division computation problems. Error analysis of students’ responses indicated that miscalculation and no attempt to solve the problem were the two most frequent error types. We found that older students made more errors compared to younger students. We argue that knowledge of individual student error types is critical to making sound instructional decisions. Based on the results of the present study, we discuss implications for future research and classroom practice.
Determinantes individuais e organizacionais na percepção de indisciplina em sala de aula : Um estudo transcultural
(Publications Service of the University of A Coruna - Elvina Campus, 2020-07-01) Cadete, Odete; Oliveira, Célia; Lopes, João; HEI-LAB (FCT) - Digital Laboratories for Environments and Human Interactions
A indisciplina nas escolas e os comportamentos desafiadores dos alunos constituem uma das principais preocupações dos professores, administradores e pais. Esta investigação visa comparar as percepções de indisciplina em salas de aula do ensino primário e secundário em estabelecimentos de ensino públicos e privados de Angola e Portugal. Participaram no estudo 1600 professores: 800 professores angolanos (493 homens e 307mulheres) e 800 professores portugueses (181 homens e 619 mulheres). Os professores angolanos reportaram como ocorrendo com maior frequência comportamentos como intervir fora de vez, agressão verbal e desrespeito ao professor, enquanto os professores portugueses indicaram o comportamento de desatenção como sendo o mais frequente. As percepções de indisciplina diferem também em função do tipo de escola, do género e experiência profissional dos professores. Considerando que Angola saiu recentemente de décadas de guerra e enfrenta problemas cujo impacto na disciplina nas salas de aula não é suficientemente conhecido, pretende-se que este estudo seja inovador em Angola e que possa assumir uma dimensão transcultural, nomeadamente através da comparação de algumas variáveis e tipos de indisciplina com países como Portugal.
The Psychometric Properties of a Portuguese Version of the Trait-Meta Mood Scale : an Attachment Framework
(Springer, 2021-03) Cabral, Joana; Brandão, Tânia; Lamela, Diogo; Matos, Paula Mena; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
This study examined the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS). The TMMS is a self-report measure that assesses stable individual differences in the way people attend, discriminate, and repair their mood and emotions. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted in a sample of 1070 Portuguese university students, aged 17–30 years. Attachment, coping and rumination measures were used to establish construct validity, and internal consistency was also tested. The CFA failed to gather support for the original three-factor structure. Results suggested that a four-factor structure, including 26 items tapping suppression, clarity, repair, and difficulties in defensive repression provided the best fit to the data. The four subscales evidenced good internal consistency. In addition, concurrent validity with attachment, coping, and rumination variables was determined. This four-factor structure provided a valid and reliable measure to assess emotion regulation and is proposed to add some comprehensive value to the assessment of emotion regulation under an information-processing and attachment framework.
Perceção da Saúde: Validação de uma Escala para a População Portuguesa
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2018-12) Souto, Maria Teresa Soares; Ramires, Ana; Leite, Angela; Santos, Vanessa Margarida Amorim; Espírito Santo, Raquel Pereira da Silva do; HEI-LAB (FCT) - Digital Laboratories for Environments and Human Interactions
A validade do construto perceção da saúde tem aumentado ao longo do tempo; as pessoas avaliam melhor a sua saúde devido a um acréscimo da escolaridade. Diferentes instrumentos têm sido desenvolvidos para avaliar esta dimensão da saúde. Este estudo tem como objetivo a validação para a população adulta portuguesa do Health Perception Questionnaire, dada a inexistência no contexto português de instrumento validado que avalie a perceção da saúde. É um instrumento de autoresposta que avalia a perceção da saúde em três momentos – passado, presente e futuro, a resistência e atitudes em relação à doença. Participaram 1,139 sujeitos da população geral, com idades entre os 18 e os 79 anos e maioritariamente mulheres. Foram realizadas análises fatoriais exploratória e confirmatória, tendo sido encontrado um modelo de 2.a ordem, onde a perceção da saúde se define em torno de dois fatores – saúde atual (sete itens) e saúde anterior (dois itens). A vivência de doença grave ou significativa, assim como o bem-estar e a saúde, assumem-se como elementos chave na construção individual da perceção de saúde anterior e atual respectivamente.
Positive childhood experiences and adverse experiences : psychometric properties of the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale (BCEs) among the Portuguese population
(Elsevier Ltd., 2021-10) Almeida, Telma Catarina; Guarda, Renata; Cunha, Olga; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Background: Positive childhood experiences have a positive effect on adulthood, and the absence of positive experiences can be more damaging throughout life than the presence of adversity. Recently, researchers have developed the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale (BCEs), an instrument designed to assess positive childhood experiences. Objectives: The present study aims to adapt the BCEs to the Portuguese population and examines its psychometric properties. Participants and settings: 1886 adults with a mean age of 36.36 years (SD = 13.66) from the community participated in this study. Methods: Participants responded to an online protocol consisting of a sociodemographic questionnaire, the BCEs, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed a one-factor structure for the BCEs with a good fit, CFI = 0.94; NFI = 0.92; RMSEA = 0.043 [0.036, 0.050]. Results also indicated satisfactory internal consistency and discriminant validity values. Predictive validity showed that higher BCEs scores predicted fewer adverse experiences in the last 3 years, but only before accounting for adverse childhood experiences. Conclusions: Overall, the results support the assertion that the Portuguese version of the BCEs is a valuable, brief, and psychometrically reliable instrument to measure positive childhood experiences that is suitable for use in Portugal.
Why are men more likely to endorse myths about child sexual abuse than women? Evidence from disposition and situation-based approaches
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2022-08) Magalhães, Eunice; Graça, João; Antunes, Carla; Ferreira, Célia; Pinheiro, Micaela; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Research on attitudes toward Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) consistently shows that men are more likely to endorse myths about CSA events, victims and perpetrators, compared to women. Here we present two studies that examine why these gender differences occur. Study one (N = 439) followed a dispositional approach to test the mediating role of empathy, social dominance orientation (SDO) and propensity for moral disengagement in the association between gender and the endorsement of CSA myths. Male participants showed higher levels of SDO and propensity for moral disengagement, and lower empathy, which in turn were associated with greater CSA myths acceptance. Study two (N = 360) followed a situational approach to test these processes using a specific case of CSA. Male participants showed higher levels of SDO and lower empathy, which in turn were associated with lower scores of perceived assault seriousness, victim credibility, perpetrator culpability, and greater victim culpability. Overall, the results suggest that men and women may appraise CSA differently, which can be partly explained by differences in SDO, propensity to morally disengage, and empathy. Furthermore, different cognitive mechanisms may be activated with regard to general appraisals of CSA compared to specific cases of CSA.
Refining the link between psychopathy, antisocial behavior, and empathy : A meta-analytical approach across different conceptual frameworks
(Elsevier Inc., 2022-06) Campos, Carlos; Ferreira, Joana Rita Paison; Azeredo, Andreia; Ramião, Eduarda Zenaida Gomes; Mazer, Prune; Macedo, Inês; Barbosa, Fernando; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab; FCAATI - Faculty of Communication, Architecture, Arts and IT
The current meta-analysis includes 477 records (N = 142,692) and comprehensively explores the complex interplay between psychopathy, antisocial behavior, and empathy. First, empathy domains (cognitive and affective) were used to dissociate antisocial behavior from psychopathy. Cognitive empathy was more impaired in antisocial groups (gcognitive = -0.43; gaffective = -0.11), while samples scoring higher in psychopathy displayed larger deficits in affective empathy (gaffective = -0.40; gcognitive = -0.22). Secondly, the specific associations between empathy domains and psychopathy dimensions were evaluated. Most effect sizes pertaining to psychopathy traits closely related to antisocial behavior were mild for both empathy domains (r = -0.03 to -0.21). Callous-affective traits were largely correlated with affective empathy (r = -0.34 to -0.46) and moderately correlated to cognitive empathy (r = -0.26 to -0.27). Diverging results were found for the interpersonal dimension, as boldness-adaptive manifestations were unrelated to cognitive empathy (r = 0.03), while non-adaptive interpersonal traits were negatively associated with both empathy domains (rcognitive = -0.16; raffective = -0.25). Overall, these findings suggest that: (1) psychopathy and antisocial behavior display distinct empathic profiles; (2) psychopathy dimensions are differentially associated with cognitive and affective empathy; (3) the interaction between interpersonal traits and empathy domains is different across the conceptual models of psychopathy. Keywords: psychopathy; personality; antisocial; empathy; theory of mind; social cognition
Systematic review of the factor structure and measurement invariance of the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and validation of the Portuguese version in community settings
(Elsevier B.V., 2020-11-01) Lamela, Diogo; Soreira, Cátia; Matos, Paula; Morais, Ana; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Background: This research sought to review studies that examined the factor structure of the PHQ-9 using a confirmatory factor analysis approach (Study 1); to review studies that tested the measurement invariance of the PHQ-9 (Study 2); to examine the psychometric properties of the European Portuguese version in the general population (Study 3). Methods: Using PRISMA guidelines, a search was performed on Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus from 2001 to August 2019. Assessment of eligibility criteria and data extraction were conducted by two independent researchers (Studies 1 and 2). In Study 3, data were collected from 1479 Portuguese adults, using a cross-sectional design. The BDI-II and the GDS-15 were administered to examine convergent validity. Results: The systematic review identified four-factor models of the PHQ-9 (Study 1). Nineteen studies supported a one-factor model, whereas 12 found evidence for a two-factor model. Both models were supported in general, clinical, psychiatric, and international samples. Study 2 identified ten studies that examined PHQ-9 measurement invariance across 18 groups. The PHQ-9 measurement invariance was fully supported across studies. Study 3 revealed that a two-factor model showed a close fit to data in the European Portuguese version of the PHQ-9. Measurement invariance, reliability, and convergent and divergent validity were also established. Limitations: Study 3 did not include a gold standard measure of depression to evaluate PHQ-9 diagnostic properties. Conclusions: Conceptual implications of the findings are discussed, and recommendations for using the Portuguese version of the PHQ-9 as a screening measure in community settings are also highlighted
Personal stigma, determinants of intention to use technology, and acceptance of internet-based psychological interventions for depression
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2020-04) Lamela, Diogo; Cabral, Joana; Coelho, Sara; Jongenelen, Inês; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Objective: Despite showing comparable levels of efficacy, internet-based psychological interventions (IPI) exhibited lower acceptance and intention of use as compared to psychological treatment delivered by face-to-face methods. Surprisingly, no research has inspected whether IPI acceptance is associated with variables linked with intentions of technology use and with barriers to seeking professional psychological help, such as personal depression stigma. Informed by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, the current study tested the role of technology and mental health-related determinants as predictors of acceptance of IPI for depression. Methods: Participants were 417 community Portuguese adults, who completed a pencil-and-paper survey. Results: Our results indicated that performance expectancy, social influence, and personal stigma against depression were significantly associated with the acceptance of IPI for depression. Conclusions: These results suggest that barriers to seeking professional psychological help should be considered in the understanding of IPI acceptance.
Child sexual myth scale : validity and reliability evidence in the portuguese context
(Routledge, 2020-08-24) Chim, Inês; Magalhães, Eunice; Graça, João; Antunes, Carla; Ferreira, Célia; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Child sexual abuse myths legitimize abusive behaviors, involving high levels of victim blame and low levels of offender liability. The present study aims to: (i) adapt a measure of endorsement of child sexual abuse myths to the Portuguese context (i.e., Child Sexual Abuse Myth Scale–CSAMS); and (ii) provide validity and reliability evidence for this measure. A total of 423 adults (66.2% female) filled out a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, and the CSAMS. The CSAMS validity and reliability results supported the original structure, which comprises three dimensions: Blame Diffusion (e.g., ‘Adolescent girls who wear very revealing clothing are asking to be sexually abused’), Restrictive Stereotypes (e.g., ‘Most children are sexually abused by strangers or by men who are not well known to the child’), and Denial of Abusiveness (e.g., ‘Older children, who have a better understanding of sexual matters, have a responsibility to actively resist sexual advances by adults’). Configural and metric invariance by sex were held, and criterion validity was observed through significant associations between myths, sexism and sex. This study provided evidence in support of the validity and reliability of the Portuguese version of the Child Sexual Abuse Myth Scale.
Health behaviors as a mediator of the association between interpersonal relationships and physical health in a workplace context
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2019-07-01) Pinto, Ricardo José Martins; MOURA, ANDREIA DE PAIVA RIBEIRO DE; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Pedrosa e Sousa, Hélder Fernando; Viterbo, Lilian Monteiro Ferrari; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab; FPED - Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport
The etiology of diseases is multifactorial, involving genetic, environmental, and lifestyle-related behaviors. Considering the pathway that involves behavioral processes, a huge body of empirical evidence has shown that some healthy behaviors such as non-smoking, any or moderate alcohol consumption, a healthy diet, (e.g., fruit and vegetable intake), and physical activity, decrease the risk of disease and mortality. This study aimed to explore the potential mediating effect of combined health behaviors on the association between interpersonal relationships and physical health in a Brazilian adult worker population from the Occupational Health Service within the oil industry in Bahia, Brazil. The sample included 611 workers, of which 567 (92.8%) were males and 44 (7.2%) females, age ranging from 18 to 73 years (M = 41.95; SD = 8.88). The significant predictors of physical health were interpersonal relationships and health behaviors. Health behaviors contributed significantly to a reduction in the effect of interpersonal relationships on physical health outcomes. As far as it is known, there has been no prior work in Brazil that simultaneously examined the best predictors of physical health in oil workers using this conceptual model. Interventions in the workplace environment need to consider health behavior as a mediator between interpersonal relationships and physical health, aligned in a global psychosocial approach to health at work.
Victimization experiences and well-being in adulthood : a systematic review and meta-analysis
(Springer Publishing Company, 2020) Ferreira, Célia; Magalhães, Eunice; Antunes, Carla; Camilo, Cláudia; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Scientific research has explored the impact of violence during adulthood on psychopathology. Fewer efforts have been made from a positive theoretical framework, and no systematic evidence has been provided. This manuscript describes a literature review and meta-analysis on the relationship between victimization experiences and well-being in adulthood. A literature review was performed, and 27 studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review 16 for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis yielded a medium and significant overall effect size (r = −0.309, p <.001), which indicated that greater victimization experiences partly explain lower well-being outcomes. A set of theoretical and methodological issues are discussed, specifically considering the conceptualization of victimization and well-being as well as the studies design, sample characteristics, measures, and data analysis. Derived from this integrative discussion, some recommendations are also provided for future research.
Ethical decision-making training goes virtual
(American Psychological Association, 2021) Oliveira, Miguel; Gamito, Pedro; Dias, Ana Rita Conde; Souto, Maria Teresa Soares; Dias, Fábio André Sousa; Alves de Sousa, João; Ricou, Miguel; Marina, Silvia; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
We present the VREthics application that enables immersive training in ethical decision making of internship psychologist. The development of this app is supported on theoretical information regarding best practices for ethics decisions in Psychology and technological issues concerning the system design. Eleven internship psychologists tested the VREthics and were questioned about their subjective assessment of the app, the VR training experience and its impact on the learning process. They reported a positive appreciation of both the VR training experience (43.52%) and of the impact on their training (31.98%). The most referenced characteristic is related to the realism and interactivity of the case, allowing them a sense of presence. Results are accordingly to the scarce literature and suggest that the VR training can be an important resource for practical learning, providing an educational context close to the real, interactive and engaging context. Therefore, the use of technological tools, more specifically VR, should be integrated in the psychologists skills´ training of the utmost relevance to practice, namely in ethical decision-making. The next steps will be to implement VREthics in the initial training plan for internship psychologists at the Portuguese Psychologists Association, being a differentiating tool in their training that allows a more practical and interactive level of access to fundamental theoretical concepts.
Escalas de Bem-Estar Social : evidências de validade e fidelidade no contexto português
(Associação Portuguesa de Psicologia, 2018) Silva, Ana Lages; Magalhães, Eunice Vieira; Antunes, Carla Margarida Vieira; Ferreira, Célia Isabel Lima; HEI-LAB (FCT) - Digital Laboratories for Environments and Human Interactions
Este estudo pretende providenciar evidências de validade e fidelidade das Escalas de Bem-Estar Social no contexto português. Foi desenvolvido um estudo transversal com 322 adultos (M=30.45; SD= 8.52) com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 58 anos, maioritariamente do sexo feminino (65.8%). A Análise Fatorial Confirmatória revelou um bom ajustamento do modelo, considerando o modelo dos cinco fatores consistente com a proposta teórica original. Além disso, evidências de validade adicional foram obtidas através das associações estatisticamente significativas obtidas entre as dimensões de bem-estar social e a satisfação com a vida, depressão e ansiedade. Dados de fidelidade revelam adequada consistência interna para todas as dimensões de bem-estar. Esta escala é útil para avaliar o bem-estar social na idade adulta no contexto português, permitindo não só uma abordagem mais compreensiva da saúde mental, mas também providenciando oportunidades de avaliação e intervenção centradas numa perspetiva positiva.
Inclusive education in Portugal : Teachers' professional development, working conditions, and instructional efficacy
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2021-04) Lopes, João Arménio Lamego; Oliveira, Célia Regina Gomes; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Inclusive education policies thin the boundaries of special and regular education as well as teachers’ roles and competencies. The present study, using data from TALIS 2018, aims to find out whether Portuguese teachers working in classes directed entirely or mainly to special education needs students (SENS) differ from teachers working in classes with few or no SENS in the following areas: (a) professional development needs in special education; (b) perceived barriers to professional development; and (c) teaching and work features related to SENS. The results show small but significant differences between teachers working and teachers not working entirely or mainly with SENS in professional development needs, perceived opportunities for professional development, and stress involved in modifying SENS lessons. No other significant differences were found. Still, the results show that both groups of teachers perceive significant professional development needs and barriers to professional development but are optimistic about the quality of professional development, job satisfaction, and self-efficacy in instruction. However, teachers of both groups are pessimistic about professional collaboration, a key element of inclusive education. Overall, it seems that some critical elements of inclusive education are still to be implemented in Portuguese schools. Keywords: inclusion; professional development; special education; SEN students; TALIS 20
Virtual reality-based cognitive stimulation on people with mild to moderate dementia due to alzheimer’s disease : a pilot randomized controlled trial
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2021-05-02) Oliveira, Jorge; Gamito, Pedro; Souto, Maria Teresa Soares; Dias, Ana Rita Conde; Ferreira, Maria; Corotnean, Tatiana; Fernandes, Adriano; Silva, Henrique; Neto, Teresa; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
The use of ecologically oriented approaches with virtual reality (VR) depicting instrumen-tal activities of daily living (IADL) is a promising approach for intervention on acquired brain inju-ries. However, results of such an approach on dementia caused by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are still lacking. This research reports on a pilot randomized controlled trial that aims to explore the effect of cognitive stimulation reproducing several IADL in VR on people with mild to moderate dementia caused by AD. Patients are being recruited from residential care homes of Santa Casa da Misericórdia da Amadora (SCMA) which is a relevant non-profit social and healthcare provider in Portugal. This intervention lasts 2 months with a total of 10 sessions (2 sessions/week). Neuropsy-chological assessment is carried out at baseline and follow-up using established neuropsychological instruments for assessing memory, attention and executive functions. The sample consisted of 17 patients of both genders randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The prelimi-nary results show an improvement in the overall cognitive function in the experimental group, which suggest this approach to be effective for neurocognitive stimulation for older adults with dementia, contributing to maintain cognitive function in AD.
Typologies of intimate partner violence-maternal parenting and children's externalizing problems : the moderating effect of the exposure to other forms of family violence
(Elsevier Ltd., 2018-07) Lamela, Diogo; Jongenelen, Inês; Pinto, Ricardo; Levendosky, Alytia; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Typologies of IPV and parenting practices in mothers who experienced police-reported IPV remain surprisingly unexplored, in addition to how those typologies are linked with children's externalizing problems. Using data from 162 Portuguese mother-child dyads with a police or child protection services referral of IPV, this study aimed to: (a) identify IPV-parenting typologies; (b) test the associations between typologies and children's externalizing problems, and (c) examine the moderating effect of children's exposure to other forms of family violence in those associations. Using a person-centered approach, two IPV-parenting typologies were found: a spillover typology, with high levels of physical, psychological, and sexual violence and high levels of harsh and inconsistent parenting practices; and a compartmentalized typology, with high levels of physical, psychological, and sexual violence and lower ineffective parenting practices. Results also showed that externalizing symptoms (reported by mothers and teachers) were significantly lower in children of mothers in the compartmentalized typology compared to those in the spillover typology. Children's direct exposure to other forms of family violence moderated this association. Findings suggested that children with a high exposure to other forms of family violence showed the highest levels of externalizing problems when their mothers were classified into the spillover typology, and they exhibited the lowest levels of externalizing problems when their mothers were classified in the compartmentalized typology.
Mental health and victimization : an exploratory study in prisons of Cape Verde
(2019-10-09) Dias, Ana Rita Conde; Dias, Jorge; Souto, Maria Teresa Soares; Gamito, Pedro; FPE - Faculty of Psychology and Education; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Background: There is insufficient information available regarding the psychopathological characteristics of the inmate population in low-middle-income countries as Cape Verde. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of mental disorders in a sample of Cape Verdean inmates and explore its’ relation with victimization in the prison context Participants and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 5 prisons of Cape Verde. 402 subjects were included in stratified convenience sample and assessed with Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS 25 software applying descriptive and inferential statistical measures. Results: Inmate ́s mean age was 31, 16 years, mainly men (96%), single (87,6%) from Cape Verde (90,8%) with a basic level of education. 62.9% reported substance use problems. According to the psychopathological dimensions included in BSI, paranoid ideation, obsessive-compulsive and depressive symptoms stand out either in the sample or in the 2 sub-samples. Symptomatology was significantly higher among victims namely in interpersonal sensitivity), anxiety and hostility. The increasing reoccurrence of victimization in the past 12 months is associated with an increase in the severity of symptoms. Conclusion: Victimization and mental health problems should be identified as early as possible to enable joint and combined intervention, given the negative impact of psychopathological manifestations on the reintegration of prisoners in society affecting the reintegration of prisoners into society.
Research studies on dyslexia : participant inclusion and exclusion criteria
(Routledge, 2020) Lopes, João A.; Gomes, Cristina; Oliveira, Célia R.; Elliott, Julian G.; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Dyslexia is a term widely used to describe reading characterised by problems with the fluent and accurate letter or word recognition. Nevertheless, there is no consensus about the definition, origin, and diagnosis of dyslexia and the term is often used very differently by researchers and practitioners. In many cases, research findings are employed by clinicians in ways that are misleading and potentially counterproductive. The present study takes the form of an examination of participant samples included in studies of dyslexia (n = 800) over 20 years (2000–2019). The findings show that (1) researchers use a wide range of inclusion and exclusion criteria; that (2) IQ-reading achievement discrepancy is the most common inclusion criterion for dyslexia samples; (3) studies typically compare dyslexic samples to normal controls but not to other poor readers; (4) dyslexia seems to be employed as a catch-all term for poor readers in general, not as a term to define a specific type of poor reader. Finally, (5) dyslexia studies are very rarely published in educational journals.
Intimate partner violence, psychopathy, and recidivism : do psychopathic traits differentiate first-time offenders from repeated offenders?
(Routledge, 2022) Cunha, Olga; Pinheiro, Marina; Gonçalves, Rui Abrunhosa; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
The current study analyzes the relation between psychopathic traits and the four facets of psychopathy (i.e., interpersonal, affective, lifestyle, and antisocial) and general and intimate partner violence (IPV) recidivism. The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) and the Marital Violence Inventory (IVC) were completed by a sample of 279 male perpetrators of IPV who were retrospectively classified as general repeated offenders versus first-time offenders and IPV repeated-offenders versus IPV first-time offenders. Four separate binary logistic regression analyses were conducted controlling for age and criminal and abuse variables. PCL-R total scores and the antisocial facet were positively correlated with general repeated offenses, despite criminal history showing higher associations with general recidivism. For IPV repeated offenders, PCL-R antisocial facet and criminal history were statistically significant, being the last one the variable that presents higher association with IPV recidivism. These results support the role of criminal history as an important variable for repeated offenses.

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