ULP/HEI-Lab - Artigos de Revistas Internacionais com Arbitragem Científica

URI permanente para esta coleção:https://hdl.handle.net/10437/12401

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The impact of psychopathology associated with childhood trauma on quality of life in portuguese adolescents : a two-wave longitudinal study
(Frontiers Media SA, 2021-10-01) Pinto, Ricardo; De Castro, Maria Vieira; Silva, Laura; Jongenelen, Inês; Maia, Angela; Levendosky, Alytia A.; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the mediating effect of psychopathology between childhood adversity and trauma and quality of life (QOL) in adolescents. The second aim of the study was testing the moderation by social support of this mediation effect. Methods: Self-reports of childhood adversity and trauma, QOL, social support, and psychopathology were collected from 150 Portuguese adolescents' who had been exposed to at least one traumatic event or one childhood adversity (Mage = 16.89, SD = 1.32). The surveys were administered at two time points with an approximate time interval of 1 year. Results: Indirect effects were observed for depression (B = −0.33, CI [−0.62, −0.11]), somatization (B = −0.52, CI [−0.82, −0.23]), and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) (B = −0.23, CI [−0.45, −0.01]), but not for anxiety (B = 0.20, CI [−0.08, 0.50]). A moderated mediation was found between social support and depression (B = −0.10, CI [−16, −0.04]), and PTSS (B = 0.03, CI [−0.1, −0.05]), but not for somatization (B = −0.02, CI [−0.8, 0.05]). Conclusions: We found that depression and somatization were strong mediators of the relationship between adversity/trauma and QOL, whereas PTSS was moderately mediated this relationship. Anxiety did not mediate this relationship. The moderated-mediation effect of social support was only found for depression and PTSS. The improvement of QOL in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity and trauma should include the assessment of psychopathology symptoms and social support, with the aim of identifying risk and protective factors.
Teacher and school determinants of teacher job satisfaction : a multilevel analysis
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2020-05-18) Lopes, João; Oliveira, Célia; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Teacher job satisfaction is an essential factor for teachers’ and school effectiveness and students’ academic and educational achievement. The present research aims to identify variables that contribute to job satisfaction in a Portuguese sample of lower secondary education teachers, using data from the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2013. Two questionnaires were used to collect data: a school principal’s questionnaire, and a teacher questionnaire. Hierarchical linear modelling was used to study the relation of school-level and teacher-level variables to job satisfaction. The results show that teacher-level variables are better predictors of teacher job satisfaction than school-level variables, except for the variable public/private school. In addition, variables related to interpersonal relations emerge as the most significant predictors of job satisfaction. The results suggest that, in order to improve, schools must take care of interpersonal relations, mainly at the classroom level, where most of the perceived job satisfaction seems to rest.
Criminal lifestyle, psychopathy and prison adjustment among female inmates
(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2021) Pinheiro, Marina; Gonçalves, Rui Abrunhosa; Cunha, Olga Cecília Soares da; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Several studies have sought the factors that are related to prison adjustment. However, this construct is poorly explored among female populations and even less so in those with characteristics of psychopathy. Thus, the present study aims to understand prison adjustment among female offenders and determine the role of psychopathy and criminal lifestyle in predicting it. Both institutional infractions and health care utilization were used as indicators of prison adjustment. A sample of 63 female offenders was assessed with the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) and the Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form-Revised (LSCF-R). 88.9% of female offenders search for health care services, and 67.2% had at least one institutional infraction. Negative binomial regressions revealed that PCL-R total scores, LSCF-R total scores, and drug abuse were predictors of institutional infractions. None of the assessed variables are statistically associated with health care services utilization. These results are of particular importance for psychologists and correctional managers, given the interest in reducing the risk of maladjustment and increase the process of adaptation to prison.
Burnout in portuguese teachers : a systematic review
(Eurasian Society of Educational Research, 2021) Mota, Ana Isabel; Lopes, João; Oliveira, Célia; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Teachers are one of the professional classes most vulnerable to emotional instability and fatigue associated with their professional activity. The present study is a systematic review about burnout in Portuguese teachers and has two main objectives. The first is to understand the state of the art of the burnout phenomenon in Portuguese teachers from basic education to secondary education. The second is to analyze the types of variables considered in the exploration and understanding of the burnout phenomenon, from a three-dimensional structure: Personal, organizational, and classroom. Results show that the set of personal and organizational variables are the most frequently analyzed in studies on burnout in teachers. Nevertheless, the results of the analyzed studies are unclear and inconsistent, highlighting the need for further studies that allow to clarify the role of different variables on burnout in Portuguese teachers. More studies are needed to determine the actual extent of burnout and, consequently, to design educational and psychological interventions to support teachers.
Ethical decision-making training goes virtual
(American Psychological Association, 2021) Oliveira, Miguel; Gamito, Pedro; Dias, Ana Rita Conde; Souto, Maria Teresa Soares; Dias, Fábio André Sousa; Alves de Sousa, João; Ricou, Miguel; Marina, Silvia; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
We present the VREthics application that enables immersive training in ethical decision making of internship psychologist. The development of this app is supported on theoretical information regarding best practices for ethics decisions in Psychology and technological issues concerning the system design. Eleven internship psychologists tested the VREthics and were questioned about their subjective assessment of the app, the VR training experience and its impact on the learning process. They reported a positive appreciation of both the VR training experience (43.52%) and of the impact on their training (31.98%). The most referenced characteristic is related to the realism and interactivity of the case, allowing them a sense of presence. Results are accordingly to the scarce literature and suggest that the VR training can be an important resource for practical learning, providing an educational context close to the real, interactive and engaging context. Therefore, the use of technological tools, more specifically VR, should be integrated in the psychologists skills´ training of the utmost relevance to practice, namely in ethical decision-making. The next steps will be to implement VREthics in the initial training plan for internship psychologists at the Portuguese Psychologists Association, being a differentiating tool in their training that allows a more practical and interactive level of access to fundamental theoretical concepts.
Dealing with the Pandemic of COVID-19 in Portugal : on the important role of positivity, experiential avoidance, and coping strategies
(Frontiers Media SA, 2021-06-24) Ferreira, Maria José; Sofia, Rui; Carreno, David F.; Eisenbeck, Nikolett; Jongenelen, Inês; Cruz, José Fernando A.; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab; EPCV - School of Psychology and Life Sciences
The global COVID-19 pandemic crisis has caused an unprecedented impact on most areas of people’s lives. Thus, framed within the scope of Existential Positive Psychology (PP2.0), this study aimed at assessing the psychological distress of adults living in Portugal during the first national lockdown, how they are coping with stress, as well to contribute to a deeper understanding about the role that positivity, experiential avoidance, and coping strategies have in psychological distress and well-being. For this purpose, 586 Portuguese adults (73% females) ranging between 18 and 78 years old (M = 38.96, SD = 12.20) completed an online survey during the initial phase of the pandemic crisis in Portugal. Findings suggest that experiential avoidance was the strongest predictor of a negative response (depression, anxiety, stress, loneliness, and negative emotions), whereas positivity was a better predictor of psychological well-being and lower levels of depression. Additionally, self-blame, behavioral disengagement, and emotional venting were strong risk factors for psychological distress, whereas positive reframing, planning, and acceptance were associated with more positive outcomes. These findings highlight the critical role of experiential avoidance on individuals’ psychological distress and the essential contribution of positive life orientation in promoting flourishing. By offering a better understanding of the complex navigation through the dialectics between positive and negative life features, this study provides important and useful cues for psychological interventions directed at promoting a more positive and adaptive human functioning even through such potential adverse and painful life events.
Looking for a pattern : error analysis as a diagnostic assessment for making instructional decisions to promote academic success
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2020) Tabacu, Lucia M.; Watson, Silvana Maria; Chezar, Laura C.; Gable, Robert; Oliveira, Célia R.; Lopes, João; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
We examined the type of errors on multiplication and division computation problems of 326 rising fifth graders enrolled in four elementary schools in Northern Portugal. We further examined whether there was a difference in the number of errors across age and whether there was an association between students’ performance on number knowledge and multiplication and division computation problems. Error analysis of students’ responses indicated that miscalculation and no attempt to solve the problem were the two most frequent error types. We found that older students made more errors compared to younger students. We argue that knowledge of individual student error types is critical to making sound instructional decisions. Based on the results of the present study, we discuss implications for future research and classroom practice.
Teachers’ academic training for literacy instruction
(2019-05-27) Oliveira, Célia Regina Gomes; Lopes, João Arménio Lamego; Spear-Swerling, Louise; FPE - Faculty of Psychology and Education; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Literacy instruction is a powerful determinant of children’s academic and school outcomes. Teachers’ training for literacy instruction is therefore critical for children’s reading learning. The present study examined the contents of 130 courses related to literacy instruction from a representative national sample of primary teachers’ undergraduate programs (N = 81), to address the following issues: which courses, related to literacy instruction, are included in the curriculum of undergraduate training programs? Which is the weight of the courses in undergraduate programs? What are the contents of the courses? The results show that most critical features of literacy instruction are included in the course contents of most programs (e.g. phonics, theory of literature). Still, some other critical features are underrepresented (reading/writing comprehension skills) or apparently missing (assessment and intervention in reading/writing problems). Moreover, the time allocated to literacy instruction seems to be scarce. Still, wide differences across university programs and courses were found.
Narratives of those who “love” violently : identity issues and construction of meaning of the batterers
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2022-09) Dias, Ana Rita Conde; Gonçalves, Rui Abrunhosa; Manita, Celina; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
The present study aims to identify and analyze the interpretative repertoires on love and intimate relationships used by wife batterers, exploring how the repertoires may influence the development and experience of violent intimate relationships, and how this is linked to the identity issues. Twelve wife batterers participated in the study, answering to an individual interview on their lives’ love story. Through a discourse analysis of the data, five distinct interpretative repertoires were identified—romantic, companion, passionate, pragmatic and game-playing love—and their meaning construction was analyzed. It is discussed what repertoires reveal about gender roles prescribed by the model of masculinity, and how these gender roles constrain the construction of the identity, the personal growth and the self-actualization of the batterers.
Research studies on dyslexia : participant inclusion and exclusion criteria
(Routledge, 2020) Lopes, João A.; Gomes, Cristina; Oliveira, Célia R.; Elliott, Julian G.; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Dyslexia is a term widely used to describe reading characterised by problems with the fluent and accurate letter or word recognition. Nevertheless, there is no consensus about the definition, origin, and diagnosis of dyslexia and the term is often used very differently by researchers and practitioners. In many cases, research findings are employed by clinicians in ways that are misleading and potentially counterproductive. The present study takes the form of an examination of participant samples included in studies of dyslexia (n = 800) over 20 years (2000–2019). The findings show that (1) researchers use a wide range of inclusion and exclusion criteria; that (2) IQ-reading achievement discrepancy is the most common inclusion criterion for dyslexia samples; (3) studies typically compare dyslexic samples to normal controls but not to other poor readers; (4) dyslexia seems to be employed as a catch-all term for poor readers in general, not as a term to define a specific type of poor reader. Finally, (5) dyslexia studies are very rarely published in educational journals.
Teacher and school determinants of perceived classroom discipline : a multilevel analysis of TALIS 2013
(Springer Netherlands, 2022-04) Lopes, João A.; Oliveira, Célia; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Classroom discipline is a significant concern in most educational systems and a critical element of an effective learning environment. In this article, we present a multilevel analysis of teachers' perceived classroom discipline (PCD) in Portugal, using data from the TALIS 2013. Portuguese teachers perceived slightly more classroom discipline problems than the mean of OECD countries, with classroom variables explaining PCD much better than school-related variables. The percentage of low achievers in the classroom, teacher's self-efficacy, and teacher's need for training in classroom management were the best predictors of PCD. Still, student-related factors (e.g., low achievement) were better predictors of PCD than teacher-related factors (e.g., teacher experience or teacher gender).
Alexithymia among long-term drug users : a pilot study in Oporto
(2019-09-18) Souto, Maria Teresa Soares; Alves, Hélder; Dias, Ana Rita Conde; Pinto, Luísa; Ribeiro, Óscar; FPE - Faculty of Psychology and Education; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Increasing scientific evidence supports an association between alexithymia and psychoactive substance use. This study explores alexithymia ́s expression in sample of long-term drug users, undergoing outpatient treatment in public health units in Oporto, Portugal, as well as its ́ association with social demographic risk factors. Data was collected from a sample of 90 adults, participants, mainly men (n=90; 87%), considered to be old consumers (81% with a age>40 years), with a mean age of 46.1 years (SD=8.3; range=21–64).Two instruments were used: a sociodemographic questionnaire and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). More than 51.1% of the individuals were alexithymic, indicating a high prevalence of deficits in emotional awareness. The treatment period varied from 0 to 15 years, included a medication in 55% of cases, mostly methadone (83%). This profile illustrates the gradual aging of the long-term users of illicit drugs and alcohol with a clear diagnosis of an emotional disorder. Therefore, clinicians who develop treatment strategies may want to take into account the likelihood that many of their patients may be alexithymic; in being so, they should integrate specific psychotherapeutic techniques that promote both the identification and the differentiation in emotionally dysfunctional patients.
Mental health and victimization : an exploratory study in prisons of Cape Verde
(2019-10-09) Dias, Ana Rita Conde; Dias, Jorge; Souto, Maria Teresa Soares; Gamito, Pedro; FPE - Faculty of Psychology and Education; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Background: There is insufficient information available regarding the psychopathological characteristics of the inmate population in low-middle-income countries as Cape Verde. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of mental disorders in a sample of Cape Verdean inmates and explore its’ relation with victimization in the prison context Participants and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 5 prisons of Cape Verde. 402 subjects were included in stratified convenience sample and assessed with Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS 25 software applying descriptive and inferential statistical measures. Results: Inmate ́s mean age was 31, 16 years, mainly men (96%), single (87,6%) from Cape Verde (90,8%) with a basic level of education. 62.9% reported substance use problems. According to the psychopathological dimensions included in BSI, paranoid ideation, obsessive-compulsive and depressive symptoms stand out either in the sample or in the 2 sub-samples. Symptomatology was significantly higher among victims namely in interpersonal sensitivity), anxiety and hostility. The increasing reoccurrence of victimization in the past 12 months is associated with an increase in the severity of symptoms. Conclusion: Victimization and mental health problems should be identified as early as possible to enable joint and combined intervention, given the negative impact of psychopathological manifestations on the reintegration of prisoners in society affecting the reintegration of prisoners into society.
Child sexual myth scale : validity and reliability evidence in the portuguese context
(Routledge, 2020-08-24) Chim, Inês; Magalhães, Eunice; Graça, João; Antunes, Carla; Ferreira, Célia; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Child sexual abuse myths legitimize abusive behaviors, involving high levels of victim blame and low levels of offender liability. The present study aims to: (i) adapt a measure of endorsement of child sexual abuse myths to the Portuguese context (i.e., Child Sexual Abuse Myth Scale–CSAMS); and (ii) provide validity and reliability evidence for this measure. A total of 423 adults (66.2% female) filled out a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, and the CSAMS. The CSAMS validity and reliability results supported the original structure, which comprises three dimensions: Blame Diffusion (e.g., ‘Adolescent girls who wear very revealing clothing are asking to be sexually abused’), Restrictive Stereotypes (e.g., ‘Most children are sexually abused by strangers or by men who are not well known to the child’), and Denial of Abusiveness (e.g., ‘Older children, who have a better understanding of sexual matters, have a responsibility to actively resist sexual advances by adults’). Configural and metric invariance by sex were held, and criterion validity was observed through significant associations between myths, sexism and sex. This study provided evidence in support of the validity and reliability of the Portuguese version of the Child Sexual Abuse Myth Scale.
Intimate partner violence, psychopathy, and recidivism : do psychopathic traits differentiate first-time offenders from repeated offenders?
(Routledge, 2022) Cunha, Olga; Pinheiro, Marina; Gonçalves, Rui Abrunhosa; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
The current study analyzes the relation between psychopathic traits and the four facets of psychopathy (i.e., interpersonal, affective, lifestyle, and antisocial) and general and intimate partner violence (IPV) recidivism. The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) and the Marital Violence Inventory (IVC) were completed by a sample of 279 male perpetrators of IPV who were retrospectively classified as general repeated offenders versus first-time offenders and IPV repeated-offenders versus IPV first-time offenders. Four separate binary logistic regression analyses were conducted controlling for age and criminal and abuse variables. PCL-R total scores and the antisocial facet were positively correlated with general repeated offenses, despite criminal history showing higher associations with general recidivism. For IPV repeated offenders, PCL-R antisocial facet and criminal history were statistically significant, being the last one the variable that presents higher association with IPV recidivism. These results support the role of criminal history as an important variable for repeated offenses.
Childhood physical maltreatment with physical injuries is associated with higher adult psychopathology symptoms
(2018-09) Lamela, Diogo; Figueiredo, Bárbara; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Background: Previous research has neglected the distinction between childhood physical maltreatment (CPM) behaviors and the physical sequelae resulting from CPM. Prior empirical work has combined CPM behaviors (e.g., beat, hit with a belt) and CPM physical sequelae (e.g., bruises, fractures) into a single conceptual category to predict adverse psychological consequences in adults. This is preventing the examination whether specific subgroups of CPM exposure may report a higher risk of psychopathology symptoms in adulthood. The aim of this study was to examine whether distinct experiences of CPM histories (no physical maltreatment, physical maltreatment only, and physical maltreatment with physical sequelae) would be differentially associated with specific psychopathology dimensions in adulthood. symptoms Method: Data were drawn from the Portuguese National Representative Study of Psychosocial Context of Child Abuse and Neglect (N = 941). Participants completed the Childhood History Questionnaire and the Brief Symptom Inventory. Results: Three groups were created based on participants’ experience of CPM assessed by the Childhood History Questionnaire. Participants who reported that suffered physical sequelae of the CPM exhibited significantly higher symptoms in all psychopathology dimensions than participants with no history of CPM and participants that were exposed to physical maltreatment without sequelae. Conclusions: These findings suggest that clinicians should discriminate CPM behavior from CPM physical sequelae in order to increase effectiveness of mental health treatment with adults with history of CPM. Our findings are discussed in light of the evolutionary-developmental frameworks of adaptative development and cumulative risk hypothesis.
Teachers voices : a qualitative study on burnout in the portuguese educational system
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2021-08) Isabel Mota, Ana; Lopes, João; Oliveira, Célia; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
Teaching has been identified as an environment of extreme physical, mental, and cognitive demand for teachers and is one of the careers where burnout levels are the highest. This qualitative study aims to (i) understand the importance of personal, organizational, and classroom dimensions concerning the Portuguese education system, (ii) and how these dimensions contribute to burnout in Portuguese teachers from different teaching levels. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-six primary and high school teachers. Results offer insights on the impact that different variables have on teachers’ burnout. The content analysis suggests that organization is the most relevant dimension contributing to teachers’ burnout. On the other hand, the classroom category appears to be the most challenging context for teachers to manage. The results highlight the need to consider the dynamics and interdependency between personal, organizational, and classroom dimensions in the development and prevalence of burnout.
Determinantes individuais e organizacionais na percepção de indisciplina em sala de aula : Um estudo transcultural
(Publications Service of the University of A Coruna - Elvina Campus, 2020-07-01) Cadete, Odete; Oliveira, Célia; Lopes, João; HEI-LAB (FCT) - Digital Laboratories for Environments and Human Interactions
A indisciplina nas escolas e os comportamentos desafiadores dos alunos constituem uma das principais preocupações dos professores, administradores e pais. Esta investigação visa comparar as percepções de indisciplina em salas de aula do ensino primário e secundário em estabelecimentos de ensino públicos e privados de Angola e Portugal. Participaram no estudo 1600 professores: 800 professores angolanos (493 homens e 307mulheres) e 800 professores portugueses (181 homens e 619 mulheres). Os professores angolanos reportaram como ocorrendo com maior frequência comportamentos como intervir fora de vez, agressão verbal e desrespeito ao professor, enquanto os professores portugueses indicaram o comportamento de desatenção como sendo o mais frequente. As percepções de indisciplina diferem também em função do tipo de escola, do género e experiência profissional dos professores. Considerando que Angola saiu recentemente de décadas de guerra e enfrenta problemas cujo impacto na disciplina nas salas de aula não é suficientemente conhecido, pretende-se que este estudo seja inovador em Angola e que possa assumir uma dimensão transcultural, nomeadamente através da comparação de algumas variáveis e tipos de indisciplina com países como Portugal.
Coparenting and relationship satisfaction in mothers : the moderating role of sociosexuality
(Springer New York, 2020-04-01) Lamela, Diogo; Figueiredo, Bárbara; Jongenelen, Inês; Morais, Ana; Simpson, Jeffry A.; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
This study explored the moderating effect of sociosexual orientation on the association between coparenting alliance/coparenting conflict and relationship satisfaction in mothers in a romantic relationship. Sociosexuality is defined as a personality trait that reflects the individual difference in willingness to engage in uncommitted sexual relations. The study examined a community sample of 635 Portuguese mothers with a monogamous heterosexual relationship. Data on coparenting, relationship satisfaction, and sociosexual orientation were collected. The results revealed the moderating effect of sociosexuality on the significant associations between both coparenting alliance and coparenting conflict predicting relationship satisfaction. For the association between coparenting alliance and relationship satisfaction, mothers with a more restricted sociosexual orientation reported the highest levels of satisfaction when their coparenting alliance was high, but the lowest levels of satisfaction when coparenting alliance was low. For the association between coparenting conflict and relationship satisfaction, mothers with a more restricted sociosexual orientation reported the highest levels of satisfaction when their coparenting conflict was low, but the lowest levels when coparenting conflict was high. Together, the results suggest that especially for women with a more restricted sociosexual orientation, coparenting quality explains significant interindividual variability in relationship satisfaction.
Updating Bem-me-ker : an user-centred approach to redesigning an onboarding application for cancer patients
(Universidade de Aveiro, 2020) Ferraz, Inês; Reis, Marta; Cardoso, Pedro Jorge Couto; Sousa, Andreia Pinto de; Giesteira, Bruno; Melo, Ricardo; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
This paper presents the research and development of a redesign of Bem-me-ker – an application of the Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO) of Porto. For this project, we resorted to a user-centric methodology featuring a survey of the current market and the context of the digital health industry, interviews and usability tests with patients, caregivers and stakeholders. Such user-centric methodology proved to be efficient in responding to their needs, with satisfactory results. Its contributions are focused on the incorporation of the concept of patient navigation into the design of an onboarding application, transforming it into a virtual manager of the disease for cancer patients, and with the ultimate goal to improve their wellbeing and quality-of-life. We see that this approach is also capable of being adjusted to the needs of other institutions and patients, thus contributing to the improvement of the national health service, providing digitally optimized information to citizens. Keywords: eHealth, mHealth, interaction design, cancer, onboarding, chatbot

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