Respostas psicológicas perante um stressor global e prolongado : o papel das estratégias de coping e da orientação positiva para a vida
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2022
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A atual crise pandémica provocada pela COVID-19 está a causar uma preocupação
generalizada com a saúde mental dos indivíduos e com as suas respostas psicológicas a este
stressor global e prolongado. Neste sentido, o presente estudo pretendeu analisar as
diferenças nos níveis de bem-estar e de distress psicológico reportados por um grupo de
participantes residentes em Portugal durante o primeiro confinamento geral (Março e Abril
de 2020) e cerca de nove/dez meses após o início da pandemia. Pretendeu também analisar
o papel da Orientação Positiva para a Vida (OPV) e das estratégias de coping na predição
dos níveis de bem-estar, de PTSD, de depressão, ansiedade e stress reportados no segundo
momento de avaliação. Este estudo, de design longitudinal, foi realizado através de um
questionário autoadministrado online e contou com uma amostra constituída por 133
participantes, sendo que, 82,0% são mulheres e 18,0% homens, com idades compreendidas
entre os 20 e os 72 anos (M = 39,29, SD = 11,46). Os resultados sugerem que houve uma
diminuição significativa nos níveis de bem-estar reportados no segundo momento de
avaliação comparativamente aos níveis reportados pelos mesmos indivíduos no primeiro
momento de avaliação. Em relação aos níveis de depressão, ansiedade e stress, apesar de
mais elevados no segundo momento, as diferenças encontradas não foram significativas.
Em relação ao papel da OPV e das estratégias de coping, os resultados indicam que a OPV
é um preditor significativo de distress psicológico, de bem-estar e de PTSD. Já as estratégias
de coping ajudam a predizer o distress psicológico e a PTSD, mas não o bem-estar. De entre
o conjunto de estratégias utlizadas pelos indivíduos no primeiro momento de avaliação,
apenas a autoculpabilização, a negação e a autodistração demonstraram ser preditores
significativos.
Este estudo permitiu sublinhar o papel determinante da OPV e da utilização dealgumas
estratégias de coping no ajustamento à atual crise pandémica, sendo ainda discutidas
algumas das suas principais limitações.
The current pandemic crisis caused by COVID-19 is causing widespread concern about the mental health of individuals and their psychological responses to this global and prolonged stressor. In this perspective, the present study aimed to analyze the differences in the levels of well-being and psychological distress reported by a group of participants living in Portugal during the first general lockdown (March and April 2020) and about nine/ten months after the pandemic outbreak. In addition, it also aimed to analyze the role of Positive Orientation for Life (OPV) and coping strategies in predicting the levels of well-being, PTSD, and depression, anxiety, and stress reported at the second moment of assessment. This longitudinal study was conducted using an online self-administered questionnaire and had a sample consisting of 133 participants, 82.0% women and 18.0% men, with ages ranging from 20 to 72 years (M = 39.29, SD = 11.46). The results suggest a significant decrease in the levels of well-being reported at the first moment of assessment compared to the levels reported by the same individuals at the second moment of assessment. Regarding the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, although higher at the second moment, the differences were not significant. Regarding the role of PVO and coping strategies, the results indicate that PVO is a significant predictor of psychological distress, well-being, and PTSD. Coping strategies help predict psychological distress and PTSD, but not well-being. Among the set of strategies used by individuals at the first moment of assessment, only self-blame, denial, and self-distraction proved to be significant predictors. This study highlighted the decisive role of OPV and some coping strategies in the adjustment to the current pandemic crisis, and some of its main limitations are discussed.
The current pandemic crisis caused by COVID-19 is causing widespread concern about the mental health of individuals and their psychological responses to this global and prolonged stressor. In this perspective, the present study aimed to analyze the differences in the levels of well-being and psychological distress reported by a group of participants living in Portugal during the first general lockdown (March and April 2020) and about nine/ten months after the pandemic outbreak. In addition, it also aimed to analyze the role of Positive Orientation for Life (OPV) and coping strategies in predicting the levels of well-being, PTSD, and depression, anxiety, and stress reported at the second moment of assessment. This longitudinal study was conducted using an online self-administered questionnaire and had a sample consisting of 133 participants, 82.0% women and 18.0% men, with ages ranging from 20 to 72 years (M = 39.29, SD = 11.46). The results suggest a significant decrease in the levels of well-being reported at the first moment of assessment compared to the levels reported by the same individuals at the second moment of assessment. Regarding the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, although higher at the second moment, the differences were not significant. Regarding the role of PVO and coping strategies, the results indicate that PVO is a significant predictor of psychological distress, well-being, and PTSD. Coping strategies help predict psychological distress and PTSD, but not well-being. Among the set of strategies used by individuals at the first moment of assessment, only self-blame, denial, and self-distraction proved to be significant predictors. This study highlighted the decisive role of OPV and some coping strategies in the adjustment to the current pandemic crisis, and some of its main limitations are discussed.
Descrição
Orientação: Maria José Pereira Ferreira
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA E DA SAÚDE, PSICOLOGIA, COVID-19, STRESS, BEM-ESTAR, PERTURBAÇÃO DE STRESS PÓS-TRAUMÁTICO, ESTRATÉGIAS DE COPING, PSYCHOLOGY, COVID-19, STRESS, WELL-BEING, POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER, COPING STRATEGIES