A relação entre adversidade na infância e perturbação pós-stress traumático (PPST) em jovens em risco
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2016
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A presente dissertação teve como objetivo avaliar a relação entre adversidade na infância e Perturbação Pós-Stress Traumático (PPST) em jovens residentes em casas de acolhimento. Foi também utilizado um grupo de comparação do meio natural de vida, com semelhanças ao nível socioeconómico. A novidade do estudo prendeu-se com a utilização de uma amostra de risco, uma vez que a maior parte dos estudos anteriores compararam jovens em casas de acolhimento com jovens no meio natural de vida, diferentes do ponto de vista socioeconómico, bem como a utilização de um instrumento de avaliação de sintomatologia de PPST com base no atual DSM-V, e uma escala de avaliação de experiências traumáticas (LEC-5). Esta última escala é uma novidade uma vez que a maior parte dos estudos anteriores não tem avaliado o critério (A) da sintomatologia de PPST. Método: O estudo incluiu 183 jovens, dos quais 100 (54.7%) eram estudantes do ensino profissional e 83 (45.4%) eram residentes em Casas de Acolhimento, com idades compreendidas entre 13 e os 17 anos (M = 15.71; DP = 1.31). Os instrumentos administrados foram: Questionário Sócio-Demográfico; Lista de Experiências Traumáticas para DSM-V, Child PPST Symptom Scale – V e o Questionário de Experiências Adversas na Infância. Resultados: Os principais resultados obtidos revelaram que mais adversidade na infância foi associada a níveis mais elevados de sintomatologia de PPST. Os jovens pertencentes ao grupo de comparação (escolas profissionais) relataram significativamente mais sintomatologia de PPST. Um dos fatores que parece ter explicado este resultado foi o facto de estes jovens terem também relatado experiências adversas na infância, mas não houve medida de promoção e proteção, comparativamente aos jovens residentes em casas de acolhimento. Conclusões: A identificação precoce de adversidades na infância, incluindo-se medidas de acolhimento residencial, podem diminuir o impacto negativo da exposição à adversidade, nomeadamente o desenvolvimento de PPST.
The present dissertation aims to evaluate the relationship between childhood adversity and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in adolescents living in residential care. It was also used a comparison group from the community, with socio-economic similarities. The novelty of the study was the use of a risk sample, since most of the previous studies compared adolescents living in residential care and adolescents from the community, which are different in terms of socio-economic caractheristics. Additionally, the use of a PTSD symptomatology scale based on the current DSM-V, including a scale to assess the criterion A of the PTSD, were also the novelty of the study, considering that the majority of the past studies did not include the assessment of this criterion. Method: The study included 183 adolescents, of which 100 (54.7%) were students of professional high school and 83 (45.4%) were from residential care, with aged between 13 and 17 years (M = 15.71; DP = 1.31). We used a socio-demographic questionnaire, Life Events Checklist, Child PPST Symptom Scale – V and Adverse Childhood Experiences Study Questionnaire. Results: The main results showed that more adversity in childhood was associated with higher levels of PTSD symptoms. Adolescents belonging to the comparison group (professional high schools) reported significantly higher symptoms of PTSD compared to the adolescents living in residential care. One factor that seems to have explained this result was that the adolescentes from professional high schools also reported adverse childhood experiences, but were not identified by Child Protection Services, compared to adolescents living in residential care. Conclusions: Early identification of childhood adversities, including residential care measures, can reduce the negative impact of exposure to adversity, and the development of PTSD.
The present dissertation aims to evaluate the relationship between childhood adversity and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in adolescents living in residential care. It was also used a comparison group from the community, with socio-economic similarities. The novelty of the study was the use of a risk sample, since most of the previous studies compared adolescents living in residential care and adolescents from the community, which are different in terms of socio-economic caractheristics. Additionally, the use of a PTSD symptomatology scale based on the current DSM-V, including a scale to assess the criterion A of the PTSD, were also the novelty of the study, considering that the majority of the past studies did not include the assessment of this criterion. Method: The study included 183 adolescents, of which 100 (54.7%) were students of professional high school and 83 (45.4%) were from residential care, with aged between 13 and 17 years (M = 15.71; DP = 1.31). We used a socio-demographic questionnaire, Life Events Checklist, Child PPST Symptom Scale – V and Adverse Childhood Experiences Study Questionnaire. Results: The main results showed that more adversity in childhood was associated with higher levels of PTSD symptoms. Adolescents belonging to the comparison group (professional high schools) reported significantly higher symptoms of PTSD compared to the adolescents living in residential care. One factor that seems to have explained this result was that the adolescentes from professional high schools also reported adverse childhood experiences, but were not identified by Child Protection Services, compared to adolescents living in residential care. Conclusions: Early identification of childhood adversities, including residential care measures, can reduce the negative impact of exposure to adversity, and the development of PTSD.
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Orientação: Ricardo Pinto
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MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA E DA SAÚDE, PSICOLOGIA, PSYCHOLOGY, PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA, CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, PERTURBAÇÃO DE STRESS PÓS-TRAUMÁTICO, POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER, JOVENS EM RISCO, YOUNG PEOPLE AT RISK