Estudo retrospectivo de criptorquidismo em Portugal
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2022
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A reprodução é uma área muito importante na medicina veterinária equina,
uma vez que permite a seleção e continuidade das linhagens. Uma das maiores
limitações face à utilização de linhagens superiores é o criptorquidismo. Este trabalho
analisa o criptorquidismo apenas em equinos.
Criptorquidismo é uma falha na descida unilateral ou bilateral dos testículos,
sendo uma patologia que impede a reprodução em até8% dos equinos machos.
Os objetivos deste trabalho passam por estudar a incidência de criptorquidismo
do tipo direito, esquerdo ou bilateral e do tipo inguinal ou abdominal num período de 17
anos em dois hospitais veterinários de equinos em Portugal, confirmando assim que a
atualidade portuguesa é semelhante à descrita noutros países. Desta forma, o trabalho é
composto por duas grandes partes, uma de revisão bibliográfica de forma a explorar
teoricamente o tema e outra de analise de 30 casos de forma retrospetiva.
Os resultados obtidos corresponderam ao esperado demonstrando a maior
incidência de retenção testicular unilateral esquerda que unilateral direita. A retenção do
lado direito era ligeiramente superior os casos que eram na cavidade inguinal, pelo
contrário do lado esquerdo verificou-se que era igual o número de casos em que a
retenção era abdominal e inguinal. Adicionalmente, todos os equinos incluídos na
casuística analisada foram submetidos a orquiectomia, principalmente por acesso
inguinal, já que a grande maioria dos animais apresentava as gónadas retidas nesta
região.
Equine reproduction is a very important area in equine veterinary medicine, as it allows for the selection and continuity of certain genes. Currently, one of the biggest limitations in the selection of superior genetic lineages is cryptorchidism. This dissertation analyses only equine cryptorchidism. Cryptorchidism is a failure in the unilateral or bilateral descent of the testes and is a pathology that hinders the reproduction up to 8% of stallions. The objectives of this work were to study the incidence of right, left or bilateral and of inguinal or abdominal cryptorchidism in two equine veterinary medicine hospitals in Portugal, and determine whether the characteristics of the disease in this country are similar to those described in other countries. This work is comprises of two major parts, a review of the state of the art which explores the subject of cryptorchidism, and a retrospective analysis of 30 cases. The obtained results match what has already been described in international scientific literature, demonstrating a higher incidence of left unilateral testicular retention in comparison to right unilateral. The right side testicular retention was slightly higher in cases where the testes were located in the inguinal cavity. However, left side retention was found to be similar between the cases of inguinal and abdominal cryptorchidism. Additionally, orchiectomy, using mainly an inguinal approach, was performed in examined cases, since the high majority of horses presented with testicular retention in the inguinal region.
Equine reproduction is a very important area in equine veterinary medicine, as it allows for the selection and continuity of certain genes. Currently, one of the biggest limitations in the selection of superior genetic lineages is cryptorchidism. This dissertation analyses only equine cryptorchidism. Cryptorchidism is a failure in the unilateral or bilateral descent of the testes and is a pathology that hinders the reproduction up to 8% of stallions. The objectives of this work were to study the incidence of right, left or bilateral and of inguinal or abdominal cryptorchidism in two equine veterinary medicine hospitals in Portugal, and determine whether the characteristics of the disease in this country are similar to those described in other countries. This work is comprises of two major parts, a review of the state of the art which explores the subject of cryptorchidism, and a retrospective analysis of 30 cases. The obtained results match what has already been described in international scientific literature, demonstrating a higher incidence of left unilateral testicular retention in comparison to right unilateral. The right side testicular retention was slightly higher in cases where the testes were located in the inguinal cavity. However, left side retention was found to be similar between the cases of inguinal and abdominal cryptorchidism. Additionally, orchiectomy, using mainly an inguinal approach, was performed in examined cases, since the high majority of horses presented with testicular retention in the inguinal region.
Descrição
Orientação: Joana de Sousa Azevedo Simões
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, EQUÍDEOS, TESTÍCULOS, ABDÓMEN, ECOGRAFIA, TESTOSTERONA, ORQUIECTOMIA, VETERINARY MEDICINE, EQUIDS, TESTICLES, ULTRASOUND SCAN, TESTOSTERONE, ORCHIECTOMY