Estudo exploratório sobre o autoconsumo de suplementos alimentares
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2022
Autores
Rodrigues, Cristina Maria Baptista
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Na Europa, suplementos alimentares (SA) são géneros alimentícios e como tal, regidos pelos princípios e normas gerais da legislação alimentar do Regulamento (CE) n.º 178/2002 do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 28 de Janeiro de 2002. Para garantir a defesa da saúde do consumidor, os suplementos alimentares devem ser seguros, e a nível europeu essa garantia é dada pela Diretiva 2002/46/CE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 10 de Junho de 2002 que regula a segurança dos SA enquanto géneros alimentícios. No entanto os SA são fontes concentradas de vitaminas, minerais e outras substâncias com efeito nutricional e fisiológico, o que os coloca na fronteira entre os alimentos e os medicamentos. Os médicos aconselham cada vez mais SA e estes são também a ferramenta de trabalho de outros profissionais de saúde como os de medicina chinesa e os naturopatas, mas o autoconsumo torna-se provável por toda a informação disponibilizada em diversos meios publicitários, e em particular na World Wide Web. Neste contexto desenhou-se um estudo transversal analítico com o objetivo genérico de conhecer a prevalência de autoconsumo entre consumidores de suplementos alimentares e as razões e condições desse autoconsumo. A técnica de recolha de informação utilizada foi um inquérito online (Google Forms) em português e inglês disseminado através das redes sociais em Portugal e no estrangeiro. Os dados recolhidos e tratados com o software de análise estatística IBM® SPSS®, para uma amostra de 222 residentes em Portugal e 47 residentes fora de Portugal, evidenciaram taxas de consumo por iniciativa própria de 22,7% para SA contendo vitaminas, minerais, ácidos gordos ou proteínas e de 25,4% para SA à base de plantas. Entre os inquiridos, 133 (49,4%) consomem diariamente 1-10 SA contendo vitaminas, minerais, ácidos gordos ou proteína (? = 2,06 s=1,62 ) para prevenção (44%) de riscos de alterações ao estado de saúde ou como complemento do regime alimentar (40%); 29% dos inquiridos afirmam consumir entre 1-6 suplementos à base de plantas ? = 1,64 s= 1,01), para prevenção (22,4%), ou tratamento (40,3) ou como complemento do regime alimentar (37,3%). Dos que consumem suplementos alimentares à base de plantas, cerca de 30% foram aconselhados pelo médico. A maioria dos inquiridos (50%) informa o médico do consumo de suplementos alimentares, 73,1% tem conhecimento dos efeitos adversos dos SA e reconhecem (68%) a existência de potenciais interações com medicamentos. Entre inúmeros fatores que podem desencadear efeitos adversos estão por exemplo valores de vitaminas acima dos VRN e adulterações dos SA, que põem em causa o seu uso seguro, razão pela qual se completou este estudo analisando os dados constantes no RASFF entre 2017-2021 sobre os perigos detectados em suplementos alimentares à venda na UE e nos países da EFTA. Sobressaem nos últimos anos casos de utilização de substâncias não autorizadas ou mesmo proibidas e a utilização de produtos dos quais não há história na UE do seu uso como alimentos antes de Maio de 1997, os chamados " novos alimentos". Palavras-Chave Suplemento alimentar (SA); suplementos dietéticos; autoconsumo; RASFF; benefício risco
In Europe, food supplements (FS) are foodstuffs and, as such, governed by the general principles and rules of food legislation in Regulation (EC) No. 178/2002 of the European Council and the Council of 28 January 2002. To ensure the protection of consumer health, food supplements must be safe, and at the European level this guarantee is given by Directive 2002/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 10 June 2002, while it regulates the safety of FS. However FS are concentrated sources of vitamins, minerals and other substances with physiological effects, which puts them on the border between food and medicine. Doctors are increasingly advising FS and these are also the work tool of other health professionals such as those of Chinese medicine and naturopaths, but self-consumption is made possible by all the information made available in various advertising media, and in particularly on the World Wide Web. In this context, an analytical cross-sectional study was designed with the general objective of knowing the prevalence of self-consumption among consumers of food supplements, and the reasons and conditions of this self-consumption. The information collection technique used was an online survey (Google Forms) in Portuguese and English disseminated through social networks in Portugal and abroad. The data collected and processed using the IBM® SPSS® Statistics software, for a sample of 222 residents in Portugal and 47 residents outside Portugal, showed rates of consumption on their own initiative of 22.7% for FS containing vitamins, minerals, fatty acids or proteins and 25.4% for plant-based FS. Among the respondents, 133 (49.4%) consume 1-10 FS daily containing vitamins, minerals, fatty acids or protein (χ = 2.06 s=1.62 ) for risk prevention (44%) of changes in health status or as a complement to the diet (40%); 29% of survey respondents stated they consume between 1- 6 herbal supplements (χ = 1.64 s= 1.01), and they consume the food supplements for prevention (22.4%), treatment (40.3%) or complementing the diet (37.3%). Of those who consume plant-based dietary supplements, about 30% have been advised by their medical doctor. Most respondents (50%) inform the doctor about the consumption of food supplements, are aware (73.1%) about adverse effects of FS, and recognize (68%) the existence of potential interactions with medications. Among numerous factors that can trigger adverse effects are, for example, vitamin values above the NRV and adulterations of the FS, which call into question their safe use, reason why this study was completed by analysing the data contained in the RASFF between 2017-2021 on the hazards found in food supplements for sale in the EU and EFTA countries. In recent years, there have been cases of use of unauthorized or even prohibited substances and the use of products for which there is no history in the EU of their use as food before May 1997, the so-called “novel foods”. Keywords Food supplements (FS) Dietary supplements (DS); selfconsumption, RASFF; benefitrisk
In Europe, food supplements (FS) are foodstuffs and, as such, governed by the general principles and rules of food legislation in Regulation (EC) No. 178/2002 of the European Council and the Council of 28 January 2002. To ensure the protection of consumer health, food supplements must be safe, and at the European level this guarantee is given by Directive 2002/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 10 June 2002, while it regulates the safety of FS. However FS are concentrated sources of vitamins, minerals and other substances with physiological effects, which puts them on the border between food and medicine. Doctors are increasingly advising FS and these are also the work tool of other health professionals such as those of Chinese medicine and naturopaths, but self-consumption is made possible by all the information made available in various advertising media, and in particularly on the World Wide Web. In this context, an analytical cross-sectional study was designed with the general objective of knowing the prevalence of self-consumption among consumers of food supplements, and the reasons and conditions of this self-consumption. The information collection technique used was an online survey (Google Forms) in Portuguese and English disseminated through social networks in Portugal and abroad. The data collected and processed using the IBM® SPSS® Statistics software, for a sample of 222 residents in Portugal and 47 residents outside Portugal, showed rates of consumption on their own initiative of 22.7% for FS containing vitamins, minerals, fatty acids or proteins and 25.4% for plant-based FS. Among the respondents, 133 (49.4%) consume 1-10 FS daily containing vitamins, minerals, fatty acids or protein (χ = 2.06 s=1.62 ) for risk prevention (44%) of changes in health status or as a complement to the diet (40%); 29% of survey respondents stated they consume between 1- 6 herbal supplements (χ = 1.64 s= 1.01), and they consume the food supplements for prevention (22.4%), treatment (40.3%) or complementing the diet (37.3%). Of those who consume plant-based dietary supplements, about 30% have been advised by their medical doctor. Most respondents (50%) inform the doctor about the consumption of food supplements, are aware (73.1%) about adverse effects of FS, and recognize (68%) the existence of potential interactions with medications. Among numerous factors that can trigger adverse effects are, for example, vitamin values above the NRV and adulterations of the FS, which call into question their safe use, reason why this study was completed by analysing the data contained in the RASFF between 2017-2021 on the hazards found in food supplements for sale in the EU and EFTA countries. In recent years, there have been cases of use of unauthorized or even prohibited substances and the use of products for which there is no history in the EU of their use as food before May 1997, the so-called “novel foods”. Keywords Food supplements (FS) Dietary supplements (DS); selfconsumption, RASFF; benefitrisk
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PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES MASTER THESIS, PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, DIETARY SUPPLEMENT, FOOD CONSUMPTION, NUTRITION, MESTRADO EM PRODUTOS DE SAÚDE E SUPLEMENTOS ALIMENTARES, CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, SUPLEMENTOS ALIMENTARES, CONSUMO ALIMENTAR, NUTRIÇÃO, Mestrado em Produtos de Saúde e Suplementos Alimentares