Adversidade, psicopatia e comportamentos criminais : um estudo empírico com adultos portugueses
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Data
2022
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A adversidade na infância tem sido estudada pelas implicações que provoca no indivíduo.
Traços de psicopatia são encontrados em indivíduos que sofreram adversidade na infância
e em indivíduos que cometeram crimes. A compreensão do comportamento criminal e da
sua génese é essencial para o desenvolvimento de trabalho preventivo e identificação de
pessoas em risco de perpetrarem crimes. Assim procurou-se analisar se existe relação
entre adversidade na infância, presença de psicopatia e comportamento criminal, através
de um estudo exploratório, com aplicação de um questionário numa amostra comunitária
de adultos portugueses recrutados online, com avaliação de adversidade na infância
(ACE), psicopatia (SRP-SF) e comportamentos criminais (D-CRIM). Foi testada a
associação entre o efeito cumulativo da adversidade, o sexo e o envolvimento em
comportamento criminal; diferenças entre o efeito cumulativo da adversidade e as
diferentes facetas da psicopatia. A amostra polariza-se entre não ter nenhuma experiência
adversa e sofrer quatro ou mais experiências adversas; na psicopatia existem diferenças
significativas em relação à adversidade; o comportamento criminal varia
significativamente em função da quantidade e do tipo de experiências adversas, quem
sofre abuso físico ou emocional e é exposto a violência doméstica tem maior
probabilidade de cometer crimes. Concluiu-se que a prevalência da adversidade na
infância é maior do que a prevista na Europa mesmo numa amostra comunitária.
Adversity in childhood has been studied for the implications it causes in the individual. Traits of psychopathy are found in individuals who have experienced childhood adversity and in individuals who have committed crimes. Understanding criminal behaviour and its genesis are essential for the development of preventive work and the identification of individuals at risk of committing crimes. Thus, we sought to analyze whether there is a relationship between childhood adversity, the presence of psychopathy and criminal behaviour, through an exploratory study, with the application of a questionnaire to a community sample of Portuguese adults recruited online, with the assessment of childhood adversity (ACE), psychopathy (SRP-SF) and criminal behaviour (D-CRIM). The association between the cumulative effect of adversity, gender and involvement in criminal behaviour was tested; differences between the cumulative effect of adversity and different facets of psychopathy. The sample polarizes between having no adverse experiences and suffering four or more adverse experiences; in psychopathy, there are significant differences concerning adversity; criminal behaviour varies significantly with the amount and type of adverse experiences, those who suffer physical or emotional abuse and are exposed to domestic violence are more likely to commit crimes. It was concluded that the prevalence of childhood adversity is higher than predicted in Europe even in a community sample.
Adversity in childhood has been studied for the implications it causes in the individual. Traits of psychopathy are found in individuals who have experienced childhood adversity and in individuals who have committed crimes. Understanding criminal behaviour and its genesis are essential for the development of preventive work and the identification of individuals at risk of committing crimes. Thus, we sought to analyze whether there is a relationship between childhood adversity, the presence of psychopathy and criminal behaviour, through an exploratory study, with the application of a questionnaire to a community sample of Portuguese adults recruited online, with the assessment of childhood adversity (ACE), psychopathy (SRP-SF) and criminal behaviour (D-CRIM). The association between the cumulative effect of adversity, gender and involvement in criminal behaviour was tested; differences between the cumulative effect of adversity and different facets of psychopathy. The sample polarizes between having no adverse experiences and suffering four or more adverse experiences; in psychopathy, there are significant differences concerning adversity; criminal behaviour varies significantly with the amount and type of adverse experiences, those who suffer physical or emotional abuse and are exposed to domestic violence are more likely to commit crimes. It was concluded that the prevalence of childhood adversity is higher than predicted in Europe even in a community sample.
Descrição
Orientação: Ana Rita Cruz
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA FORENSE, PSICOLOGIA, PSICOPATIAS, CRIMES, PSYCHOLOGY, PSYCHOPATHIES, CRIMES