Estudo do impacto do vírus da artrite e encefalite caprina na saúde de cabritos
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2023
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O Vírus da Artrite-Encefalite Caprina (Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus CAEV) apresenta um impacto económico elevado nos rebanhos de caprinos. A transmissão é feita, principalmente, pelo colostro materno, sendo a imediata separação da progenitora a forma mais eficaz de iniciar a erradicação, na ausência de tratamento, exceto sintomático para as manifestações clínicas que surgem em diferentes fases de vida, como encefalite, artrite, mamite e pneumonia. Sem demonstração clara da sua influência na qualidade do colostro, a baixa qualidade e/ou a administração atrasada ou em reduzida quantidade, compromete a Eficácia da Transferência da Imunidade Passiva (ETIP) e o Ganho Médio Diário (GMD) de peso, permitindo o desenvolvimento de doenças como diarreias neonatais e pneumonias. Com o presente trabalho pretendeu-se avaliar o impacto do CAEV, na qualidade do colostro e no crescimento dos cabritos, tendo para isso sido selecionadas quatro explorações de caprinos de aptidão leiteira, com estatuto sanitário para CAEV distintos. Os dados foram recolhidos entre outubro de 2022 e março de 2023, utilizadas 184 cabras e 316 descendentes. Foi feita recolha e avaliação do colostro e do soro sanguíneo das crias. O estudo obteve aprovação pela Comissão de Ética e Bem-Estar Animal da FMV-ULHT. Os resultados permitiram demonstrar que o colostro recolhido não apresentava diferenças significativas (p≤0,001) entre mães seropositivas e seronegativas. Contudo, na avaliação da ETIP, através dos valores de Brix no soro verificou-se existirem diferenças (p≤ 0,05) entre descendentes de mães seropositivas e seronegativas. A análise comparativa com as raças estabeleceu relação entre a melhor qualidade do colostro, das raças menos aptas em termos leiteiros; no entanto, comparando com a curva de evolução de Brix no soro das raças com melhor aptidão, concluiu-se que, embora nestas últimas, os valores sejam inferiores, a descida da concentração não é tão acentuada, permanecendo em boa concentração durante um maior período de tempo, o que aumenta substancialmente a ETIP. O GMD não revelou qualquer relação com o estatuto sanitário para CAEV, mas uma forte influência da raça da progenitora. Raças de melhor aptidão leiteira apresentaram valores de GMD mais elevados, contrariamente às raças de menor aptidão leiteira. Outras variáveis que condicionaram o GMD foram as alterações no maneio alimentar, nomeadamente a introdução de alimentos sólidos, que diminuíram a ingestão de alimentos e ainda aparecimento de diarreias neonatais e pneumonias. Os casos de diarreias neonatais e de pneumonia, ocorreram predominantemente no grupo de descendentes de mães seropositivas, durante a primeira semana de vida, o que indiciou claramente a ocorrência de FTIP, do mesmo modo que permitiu estabelecer uma relação entre essa falha e a presença de CAEV. Palavras-chave: Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus:, Caprinos, Eficácia da Transferência da Imunidade Passiva, Ganho Médio Diário, Falha Transferência Imunidade Passiva
The Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) has a high economic impact on goat herds. Transmission is mainly through maternal colostrum, and immediate separation from the dam is the most effective way to begin eradication, in the absence of treatment, except symptomatic for the clinical manifestations that appear at different stages of life, such as encephalitis, arthritis, mastitis and pneumonia. With no clear demonstration of its influence on colostrum quality, low quality and/or delayed or reduced administration compromises the Efficacy of Passive Immune Transfer (PITI) and the Average Daily Gain (GMD) in weight, allowing the development of diseases such as neonatal diarrhea and pneumonia. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of CAEV on colostrum quality and growth of kids. Four dairy goat farms with different CAEV health status were selected. Data were collected between October 2022 and March 2023, used 184 goats and 316 offspring. Collection and evaluation of colostrum and blood serum from the kids was done. The study was approved by the FMV-ULHT Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee. The results showed that the collected colostrum did not present significant differences (p≤0.001) between seropositive and seronegative mothers. However, in the evaluation of the ETIP, through the serum Brix values there were differences (p≤0.05) between offspring of seropositive and seronegative mothers. The comparative analysis with the breeds established a relationship between the better quality of the colostrum, of the less suitable breeds in dairy terms; however, comparing with the evolution curve of Brix in the serum of breeds with better aptitude, it was concluded that, although in the latter, the values are lower, the decrease in concentration is not so accentuated, remaining in good concentration for a longer period of time, which substantially increases the ETIP. The GMD did not reveal any relationship with the health status for CAEV, but a strong influence of the breed of the progeny. Breeds of better dairy aptitude showed higher GMD values, contrary to breeds of lower dairy aptitude. Other variables that conditioned the GMD were changes in feeding management, namely the introduction of solid food, which reduced food intake and also the occurrence of neonatal diarrhea and pneumonia. The cases of neonatal diarrhoea and pneumonia occurred predominantly in the group of offspring of seropositive mothers, during the first week of life, which clearly indicated the occurrence of FTIP, as well as allowing the establishment of a relationship between this fault and the presence of CAEV. Keywords: Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Goats, Passive Immunity Transfer Efficacy, Average Daily Gain, Passive Immunity Transfer Failure
The Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) has a high economic impact on goat herds. Transmission is mainly through maternal colostrum, and immediate separation from the dam is the most effective way to begin eradication, in the absence of treatment, except symptomatic for the clinical manifestations that appear at different stages of life, such as encephalitis, arthritis, mastitis and pneumonia. With no clear demonstration of its influence on colostrum quality, low quality and/or delayed or reduced administration compromises the Efficacy of Passive Immune Transfer (PITI) and the Average Daily Gain (GMD) in weight, allowing the development of diseases such as neonatal diarrhea and pneumonia. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of CAEV on colostrum quality and growth of kids. Four dairy goat farms with different CAEV health status were selected. Data were collected between October 2022 and March 2023, used 184 goats and 316 offspring. Collection and evaluation of colostrum and blood serum from the kids was done. The study was approved by the FMV-ULHT Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee. The results showed that the collected colostrum did not present significant differences (p≤0.001) between seropositive and seronegative mothers. However, in the evaluation of the ETIP, through the serum Brix values there were differences (p≤0.05) between offspring of seropositive and seronegative mothers. The comparative analysis with the breeds established a relationship between the better quality of the colostrum, of the less suitable breeds in dairy terms; however, comparing with the evolution curve of Brix in the serum of breeds with better aptitude, it was concluded that, although in the latter, the values are lower, the decrease in concentration is not so accentuated, remaining in good concentration for a longer period of time, which substantially increases the ETIP. The GMD did not reveal any relationship with the health status for CAEV, but a strong influence of the breed of the progeny. Breeds of better dairy aptitude showed higher GMD values, contrary to breeds of lower dairy aptitude. Other variables that conditioned the GMD were changes in feeding management, namely the introduction of solid food, which reduced food intake and also the occurrence of neonatal diarrhea and pneumonia. The cases of neonatal diarrhoea and pneumonia occurred predominantly in the group of offspring of seropositive mothers, during the first week of life, which clearly indicated the occurrence of FTIP, as well as allowing the establishment of a relationship between this fault and the presence of CAEV. Keywords: Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Goats, Passive Immunity Transfer Efficacy, Average Daily Gain, Passive Immunity Transfer Failure
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VETERINARY MEDICINE, GOATS, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, WEIGHT MANAGEMENT, IMMUNITY, CAPRINE ARTHRITIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, CAPRINOS, DOENÇAS TRANSMISSÍVEIS, GESTÃO DO PESO, IMUNIDADE, VÍRUS DA ARTRITE ENCEFALITE CAPRINA, Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária