O papel da orientação positiva para a vida e das estratégias de coping na saúde mental de jovens emergentes portugueses
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2022
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Dimensões como a Orientação Positiva para a Vida (OPV) e o Coping têm-se demonstrado
fundamentais para os indivíduos se adaptarem com sucesso aos desafios associados ao seu
desenvolvimento. O presente estudo tem como objetivos: a) analisar as principais fontes de
stress e as estratégias de coping mais utilizadas em situações de stress; b) avaliar os níveis
de bem-estar e distress psicológico e eventuais diferenças de géneros; c) compreender o
papel da OPV e das estratégias de coping no bem-estar e distress psicológico. Participaram
neste estudo 282 adultos emergentes, 240 do género feminino (85.1 %) e 42 do género
masculino (14.9 %), com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 25 anos (M = 21.88, DP =
1.79). Em relação às fontes de stress, as questões relacionadas com os estudos constituíram
o maior fator de stress (28.81% das respostas), seguido das relações interpessoais (23.46%)
e das questões profissionais (12.4%). Em relação às estratégias de coping, as mais utilizadas
pelos adultos emergentes foram o coping ativo, o planeamento e a aceitação. Já as menos
utilizadas foram o uso de substâncias, o desinvestimento comportamental e a negação.
Relativamente aos níveis de bem-estar e distress psicológico, estes apresentam-se
relativamente abaixo dos valores médios para a população portuguesa e apenas o stress e a
ansiedade diferem significativamente entre géneros, com o género feminino a apresentar
valores mais elevados destes. No caso do bem-estar, após controlar o efeito da idade e do
género, a OPV, o planeamento, o suporte instrumental, a autoculpabilização, o
desinvestimento comportamental e o uso de substâncias revelaram-se preditores
significativos. Em relação ao distress psicológico, controlando o efeito das mesmas variáveis
sociodemográficas, a OPV, a autoculpabilização, a negação, a autodistração, o
desinvestimento comportamental e o uso substâncias destacaram-se como preditores
significativos.
Estes resultados salientam o papel crucial da OPV e do coping na promoção do florescimento
dos adultos emergentes.
Palavras-Chave: Adultez Emergente, Orientação Positiva para a Vida, Estratégias de
Coping e Saúde Mental.
Dimensions such as Positive Life Orientation (PLO) and Coping have proved to be essential for the successful adaptation of individuals to the challenges associated with their development. This study aims to: a) analyze the main sources of stress and the most used coping strategies in stressful situations; b) assess the levels of well-being and psychological distress and possible gender differences; c) understand the role of OPV and coping strategies in well-being and psychological distress. A total of 282 emerging adults participated in this study, 240 female (85.1 %) and 42 male (14.9 %), aged 18-25 years (M = 21.88, DP = 1.79). Regarding sources of stress, study-related issues were the biggest stressor (28.81% of responses), followed by interpersonal relationships (23.46%) and professional issues (12.4%). Regarding coping strategies, the most used by emerging adults were active coping, planning, and acceptance. The least used were substance use, behavioral divestment, and denial. As for the levels of well-being and psychological distress, these are relatively below the average values for the Portuguese population, and only stress and anxiety differ significantly between genders, with the female gender showing higher values of these. After controlling for age and gender, PLO, planning, instrumental support, self-blame, behavioral divestment, and substance use were significant predictors of well-being. Concerning psychological distress, controlling for the effect of the same sociodemographic variables, PLO, self-blaming, denial, self-distraction, behavioral divestment, and substance use stood out as significant predictors. These results highlight PLO's crucial role and coping strategies in promoting emerging adult flourishing. Keywords: Emerging Adulthood, Positive Life Orientation, Coping Strategies, and Mental Health.
Dimensions such as Positive Life Orientation (PLO) and Coping have proved to be essential for the successful adaptation of individuals to the challenges associated with their development. This study aims to: a) analyze the main sources of stress and the most used coping strategies in stressful situations; b) assess the levels of well-being and psychological distress and possible gender differences; c) understand the role of OPV and coping strategies in well-being and psychological distress. A total of 282 emerging adults participated in this study, 240 female (85.1 %) and 42 male (14.9 %), aged 18-25 years (M = 21.88, DP = 1.79). Regarding sources of stress, study-related issues were the biggest stressor (28.81% of responses), followed by interpersonal relationships (23.46%) and professional issues (12.4%). Regarding coping strategies, the most used by emerging adults were active coping, planning, and acceptance. The least used were substance use, behavioral divestment, and denial. As for the levels of well-being and psychological distress, these are relatively below the average values for the Portuguese population, and only stress and anxiety differ significantly between genders, with the female gender showing higher values of these. After controlling for age and gender, PLO, planning, instrumental support, self-blame, behavioral divestment, and substance use were significant predictors of well-being. Concerning psychological distress, controlling for the effect of the same sociodemographic variables, PLO, self-blaming, denial, self-distraction, behavioral divestment, and substance use stood out as significant predictors. These results highlight PLO's crucial role and coping strategies in promoting emerging adult flourishing. Keywords: Emerging Adulthood, Positive Life Orientation, Coping Strategies, and Mental Health.
Descrição
Orientação: Maria José Pereira Ferreira
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA E DA SAÚDE, PSICOLOGIA, PSYCHOLOGY, ADULTEZ EMERGENTE, EMERGING ADULTHOOD, ESTRATÉGIAS DE COPING, COPING STRATEGIES, SAÚDE MENTAL, MENTAL HEALTH