Avaliação da eficácia de estratégias distrativas com recurso a tecnologia : estudo experimental na dor crónica
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2023
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A dor crónica é um problema de saúde que afeta gravemente o funcionamento emocional,
físico e social dos indivíduos (Veehof et al., 2016), sendo uma das causas de incapacidade
vivida pelos pacientes à escala mundial (Kohrt et al., 2018). Nos últimos anos, o uso da
tecnologia móvel tem vindo a crescer cada vez mais, nomeadamente no que diz respeito à
autogestão da dor (Sundararaman et al., 2017). Objetivos: O objetivo geral do presente
estudo é avaliar a eficácia da aplicação Chronic Pain Relief (CPR); procurou-se, pois,
verificar se: existe alteração na perceção de dor com a utilização da aplicação; os níveis de
ansiedade interferem na perceção da dor; existem diferenças significativas entre os grupos
experimental e de controlo relativamente aos níveis de ansiedade experimentados e à
perceção da dor. Método: Participaram no presente estudo experimental 14 participantes,
com idades entre os 25 e 61 anos, com diagnóstico formal de dor crónica e com acesso a
smartphone adaptado à aplicação. Os participantes utilizaram a aplicação Chronic Pain
Relief durante o período de 10 semanas. Os dados obtidos foram analisados
quantitativamente com recurso a medidas estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. A análise
qualitativa foi realizada através da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Após concluírem a
utilização da CPR, a maioria dos participantes do grupo experimental referiram não ter
sentido diminuição na perceção de dor, não sendo também encontradas diferenças
estatisticamente significativas. No que diz respeito à influência da ansiedade na perceção
de dor ao utilizar a aplicação, os resultados apontam para uma não influência. Em relação à
diferença entre o grupo experimental e de controlo, nos níveis de ansiedade e na perceção
de dor, não se verificou existência de diferenças estatisticamente significativas.
Conclusão: Embora a maior parte dos participantes tenham relatado não sentirem
diferenças na perceção da dor, através do feedback solicitado aos participantes, verificou se que 2 de 7 participantes sentiram a sua perceção de dor diminuída. No que diz respeito à
ansiedade, os participantes relataram que não sentiram diferenças significativas ao
utilizarem a aplicação e apenas referiram que, por vezes, se sentiam mais ansiosos quando
não conseguiam pontuar no jogo. No que concerne às limitações do presente estudo, este
apresenta um número reduzido de participantes do grupo experimental que cumpriram o
plano proposto para a utilização da CPR; um número reduzido da amostra; e a aplicação só
está disponível para o sistema Android. Assim sendo, em estudos futuros, será importante
trabalhar com uma amostra alargada, promover o efetivo cumprimento do plano de
utilização da aplicação que poderá ser facilitado pela disponibilização de um lembrete na aplicação. Será, ainda relevante rever a tarefa proposta para aumentar o grau de
envolvimento do participante e, por sua vez, a sua motivação.
Palavras-chave: dor crónica, tratamento, autogestão, estratégias distrativas, smartphone
Chronic pain is a health problem that severely affects the emotional, physical, and social functioning of individuals (Veehof et al., 2016), and is one of the causes of disability experienced by patients on a global scale (Kohrt et al., 2018). In recent years, the use of mobile technology has been increasingly growing, particularly regarding pain self management (Sundararaman et al., 2017). Objectives: The overall objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the Chronic Pain Relief (CPR) app; therefore, we sought to determine whether: there is a change in pain perception with the use of the app; anxiety levels interfere with pain perception; there are significant differences between the experimental and control groups. Regarding the levels of anxiety experienced and pain perception. Method: Fourteen participants, aged between 25 and 61 years, with a formal diagnosis of chronic pain and access to a smartphone adapted to the application, participated in this experimental study. The participants used the Chronic Pain Relief application for 10 weeks. The data obtained were quantitatively analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical measures. Qualitative analysis was performed using content analysis. Results: After completing the use of CPR, most participants in the experimental group reported no decrease in pain perception, and no statistically significant differences were found. Regarding the influence of anxiety on pain perception when using the application, the results indicate no influence. Regarding the difference between the experimental and control groups, in anxiety levels and pain perception, no statistically significant differences were found. Conclusion: Although most participants reported no differences in pain perception, the feedback requested from participants showed that 2 out of 7 participants felt their perception of pain decreased. Regarding anxiety, participants reported that they did not feel significant differences when using the application and only reported that, sometimes, they felt more anxious when they could not score in the game. Regarding the limitations of the present study, it has a small number of participants in the experimental group who followed the proposed plan for using the CPR; a small sample size; and the application is only available for the Android system. Therefore, in future studies, it will be important to work with a larger sample and promote effective compliance with the plan to use the application, which can be facilitated by providing a reminder in the application. It will also be relevant to review the proposed task to increase the participant's level of involvement and, in turn, their motivation. Keywords: chronic pain, treatment, self-management, distractive strategies, smartphone
Chronic pain is a health problem that severely affects the emotional, physical, and social functioning of individuals (Veehof et al., 2016), and is one of the causes of disability experienced by patients on a global scale (Kohrt et al., 2018). In recent years, the use of mobile technology has been increasingly growing, particularly regarding pain self management (Sundararaman et al., 2017). Objectives: The overall objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the Chronic Pain Relief (CPR) app; therefore, we sought to determine whether: there is a change in pain perception with the use of the app; anxiety levels interfere with pain perception; there are significant differences between the experimental and control groups. Regarding the levels of anxiety experienced and pain perception. Method: Fourteen participants, aged between 25 and 61 years, with a formal diagnosis of chronic pain and access to a smartphone adapted to the application, participated in this experimental study. The participants used the Chronic Pain Relief application for 10 weeks. The data obtained were quantitatively analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical measures. Qualitative analysis was performed using content analysis. Results: After completing the use of CPR, most participants in the experimental group reported no decrease in pain perception, and no statistically significant differences were found. Regarding the influence of anxiety on pain perception when using the application, the results indicate no influence. Regarding the difference between the experimental and control groups, in anxiety levels and pain perception, no statistically significant differences were found. Conclusion: Although most participants reported no differences in pain perception, the feedback requested from participants showed that 2 out of 7 participants felt their perception of pain decreased. Regarding anxiety, participants reported that they did not feel significant differences when using the application and only reported that, sometimes, they felt more anxious when they could not score in the game. Regarding the limitations of the present study, it has a small number of participants in the experimental group who followed the proposed plan for using the CPR; a small sample size; and the application is only available for the Android system. Therefore, in future studies, it will be important to work with a larger sample and promote effective compliance with the plan to use the application, which can be facilitated by providing a reminder in the application. It will also be relevant to review the proposed task to increase the participant's level of involvement and, in turn, their motivation. Keywords: chronic pain, treatment, self-management, distractive strategies, smartphone
Descrição
Orientação: Maria Teresa Soares Souto
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA E DA SAÚDE, PSICOLOGIA, PSYCHOLOGY, PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA, CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, DOR CRÓNICA, CHRONIC PAIN