Diarreias neonatais bovinas numa exploração leiteira
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2022
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Diarreia neonatal é um dos síndromes mais importantes na produção que resulta em elevadas taxas de morbilidade e mortalidade de vitelos e uma grave perda económica para o produtor.
Existem diversos agentes etiológicos que provocam diarreia nos vitelos, os quais devem ser controlados a partir do diagnóstico etiológico, tratamento e prevenção baseada em boas medidas de higiene, maneio e, em certos casos, vacinação.
Este estudo teve como objetivo estudar a prevalência de diarreias neonatais numa exploração de bovinos leiteiros e investigar os agentes patogénicos e fatores de risco presentes na exploração.
Uma exploração com cerca 240 animais à ordenha foi estudada entre janeiro e abril 2022. 57 vitelos foram acompanhados desde o seu nascimento até a um mês de idade. Aos vitelos que apresentavam sinais de diarreia, foi recolhida uma amostra de fezes e enviada para análise laboratorial. O colostro foi analisado através de refratómetro Brix e a transferência de imunidade passiva foi avaliada através de medição das proteínas séricas totais dos vitelos 24 horas após terem ingerido o colostro, com o recurso a refratómetro. Dados relativos a cada vitelo, nomeadamente a hora de nascimento, a hora de toma do colostro e o volume de colostro, assim como as proteínas séricas totais, foram estudados como possíveis fatores de risco no grupo de vitelos afetados com diarreia.
Dos 57 vitelos estudados, 12 (21%) apresentaram diarreia. Em 9 (75%) animais foi identificado Cryptosporidium spp. e em 1 (8%) animal foi identificado Rotavírus.
Não houve uma diferença significativa entre os resultados no grupo de vitelos com diarreia e o grupo de vitelos sem diarreia, no que respeita ao intervalo entre as horas da toma do colostro com as horas do nascimento, os litros de colostro consumido, os valores da qualidade do colostro e os valores das proteínas séricas totais.
Limitações do estudo incluem a possibilidade de incorreta identificação de animais doentes, dificuldade na recolha de sangue no tempo ideal e ausência de testagem em animais saudáveis para comparação da ocorrência de agentes.
Palavras – chave:
Bovinos leiteiros, diarreia neonatal, Cryptosporidium, Rotavírus, maneio
Neonatal diarrhea is one of the most important syndromes in production that results in high rates of morbidity and mortality in calves and a serious economic loss for the producer. There are several etiological agents that cause diarrhea in calves, which must be controlled from the etiological diagnosis, treatment and prevention based on good hygiene measures, management and, in certain cases, vaccination. This study aimed to study the prevalence of neonatal diarrhea in a dairy farm and to investigate the pathogens and risk factors present in the farm. A farm with about 240 milking animals was studied between January and April 2022. 57 calves were followed from birth to one month of age. From calves that showed signs of diarrhea, a stool sample was collected and sent for laboratory analysis. The colostrum was analyzed using a Brix refractometer and the transfer of passive immunity was evaluated by measuring the total serum proteins of the calves 24 hours after ingesting the colostrum, using a refractometer. Data relating to each calf, namely the time of birth, the time of colostrum intake and the volume of colostrum, as well as total serum proteins, were studied as possible risk factors in the group of calves affected with diarrhea. Of the 57 calves studied, 12 (21%) had diarrhea. In 9 (75%) animals, Cryptosporidium spp. and in 1 (8%) animal Rotavirus was identified. There was no significant difference between the results in the group of calves with diarrhea and the group of calves without diarrhea, regarding about the interval between the hours of colostrum intake and the time of birth, liters of colostrum consumed, colostrum quality values and total serum protein values. Limitations of the study include the possibility of incorrect identification of sick animals, difficulty in collecting blood at the ideal time and lack of testing in healthy animals to compare the occurrence of agents. Key words: Dairy cattle, neonatal diarrhea, Cryptosporidium, Rotavirus, husbandry
Neonatal diarrhea is one of the most important syndromes in production that results in high rates of morbidity and mortality in calves and a serious economic loss for the producer. There are several etiological agents that cause diarrhea in calves, which must be controlled from the etiological diagnosis, treatment and prevention based on good hygiene measures, management and, in certain cases, vaccination. This study aimed to study the prevalence of neonatal diarrhea in a dairy farm and to investigate the pathogens and risk factors present in the farm. A farm with about 240 milking animals was studied between January and April 2022. 57 calves were followed from birth to one month of age. From calves that showed signs of diarrhea, a stool sample was collected and sent for laboratory analysis. The colostrum was analyzed using a Brix refractometer and the transfer of passive immunity was evaluated by measuring the total serum proteins of the calves 24 hours after ingesting the colostrum, using a refractometer. Data relating to each calf, namely the time of birth, the time of colostrum intake and the volume of colostrum, as well as total serum proteins, were studied as possible risk factors in the group of calves affected with diarrhea. Of the 57 calves studied, 12 (21%) had diarrhea. In 9 (75%) animals, Cryptosporidium spp. and in 1 (8%) animal Rotavirus was identified. There was no significant difference between the results in the group of calves with diarrhea and the group of calves without diarrhea, regarding about the interval between the hours of colostrum intake and the time of birth, liters of colostrum consumed, colostrum quality values and total serum protein values. Limitations of the study include the possibility of incorrect identification of sick animals, difficulty in collecting blood at the ideal time and lack of testing in healthy animals to compare the occurrence of agents. Key words: Dairy cattle, neonatal diarrhea, Cryptosporidium, Rotavirus, husbandry
Descrição
Orientação: Ângela Dâmaso ; coorientação: João Cannas da Silva
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINARY MEDICINE, BOVÍDEOS, BOVIDS, DIARREIA, DIARRHOEA, GADO LEITEIRO, DAIRY CATTLE