Experiências de vida positivas e negativas, empatia e violência em relações de intimidade
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A violência nas relações de intimidade (VRI) é uma problemática social que tem
merecido na atualidade a atenção dos investigadores na área da Psicologia. Verifica-se, no
entanto, que a maioria dos estudos incide sobre a violência em casais mais velhos e a sua
relação com experiências adversas na infância, sabendo-se menos sobre as relações de
intimidade entre os jovens adultos e o papel das experiências positivas e da empatia. Neste
sentido, o presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a relação entre as vivências positivas e
negativas na infância, a empatia e a perpetração de VRI.
Foi utilizada uma amostra de 359 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idades
compreendidas entre os 17 e os 25 anos. Os instrumentos usados foram o Questionário de
Experiências Adversas na Infância (ACE); a Escala de Experiências Benevolentes na
Infância (BCE); o Inventário de Conflitos nos Relacionamentos de Namoro Adolescentes –
Forma Breve (CADRI-S) e a Escala de Empatia Básica versão breve adaptada (BES-A).
Os resultados obtidos demonstram que existem correlações positivas entre as
experiências de abuso físico, psicológico e sexual na infância, e perpetração de VRI e a
empatia. Verificou-se ainda, que as experiências positivas na infância se correlacionam
negativamente com as experiências adversas na infância. Não se verificaram correlações
entre as experiências positivas na infância e a perpetração de VRI ou a empatia, nem
diferenças entre os géneros ao nível da perpetração de VRI. Os resultados do presente estudo
alertam para a importância e necessidade de se desenvolverem esforços de prevenção em
idades precoces com vista a colmatar o fenómeno da VRI.
Violence in intimate relationships (VIR) is a social issue that has currently deserved the attention of pychology researchers. However, most studies focus on violence in older couples and their relationship with adverse childhood experiences, with less knowledge about intimate relationships between young adults and the role of positive experiences and empathy. This way, the main purpose of this study was to analyze the relations between positive and negative experiences in childhood, empathy and the perpetration of VIR. To this study we used a sample of 359 individuals of both sexes, aged between 17 and 25 years. The instruments used were the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE); the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale (BCE); the Conflict Inventory in Adolescent Dating Relationships – Brief Form (CIADR-S); and the Basic Empathy Scale short version adapted (BES-A). The results demonstrate that there are positive correlations between experiences of physical, psychological and sexual abuse in childhood and perpetration of VIR, and empathy. It was also found that positive childhood experiences are negatively correlated with adverse childhood experiences. There were no correlations between positive childhood experiences and VIR perpetration or empathy, neither gender differences in VIR perpetration. The results of this study emphasize the importance to develop efforts of prevention in an early age, in order to overcome the phenomenon of VIR.
Violence in intimate relationships (VIR) is a social issue that has currently deserved the attention of pychology researchers. However, most studies focus on violence in older couples and their relationship with adverse childhood experiences, with less knowledge about intimate relationships between young adults and the role of positive experiences and empathy. This way, the main purpose of this study was to analyze the relations between positive and negative experiences in childhood, empathy and the perpetration of VIR. To this study we used a sample of 359 individuals of both sexes, aged between 17 and 25 years. The instruments used were the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE); the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale (BCE); the Conflict Inventory in Adolescent Dating Relationships – Brief Form (CIADR-S); and the Basic Empathy Scale short version adapted (BES-A). The results demonstrate that there are positive correlations between experiences of physical, psychological and sexual abuse in childhood and perpetration of VIR, and empathy. It was also found that positive childhood experiences are negatively correlated with adverse childhood experiences. There were no correlations between positive childhood experiences and VIR perpetration or empathy, neither gender differences in VIR perpetration. The results of this study emphasize the importance to develop efforts of prevention in an early age, in order to overcome the phenomenon of VIR.
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Orientação: Olga Cecília Soares da Cunha