Pressão financeira, ajustamento psicológico e coping diádico de pais com filhos com Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo : comparação com amostra comunitária
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2024
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O atual contexto socioeconómico tem gerado níveis de incerteza e de pressão financeira crescentes sobre as famílias, com correlatos negativos prováveis no funcionamento familiar e individual. Este efeito pode ser ainda mais notório nas famílias com filhos com Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo (PEA), pelas exigências complexas e de longo prazo que o diagnóstico dos filhos acarreta. O presente estudo teve por objetivos: comparar os níveis de pressão financeira, coping diádico de casal e ajustamento psicológico individual entre pais com filhos com PEA e famílias da comunidade; examinar os correlatos da pressão financeira com variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas, sintomatologia ansiosa, depressiva e stress e coping diádico apoiante; caracterizar as perceções parentais sobre a adequação, suficiência e satisfação com os apoios terapêuticos e educativos proporcionadas aos filhos com PEA. Tratou-se de um estudo de natureza transversal, cuja amostra foi recrutada por conveniência, através do método bola de neve e autosseleção (n =37 pais/mães na amostra clínica; n = 88 pais/mães na amostra comunitária). Os participantes responderam a um questionário online, que integrava questões de natureza sociodemográfica e clínica (amostra clínica), uma escala de pressão financeira, uma escala de ansiedade, depressão e stress e uma subescala de coping diádico apoiante de um inventário de coping diádico. O grupo clínico apresentou níveis significativamente superiores de pressão financeira e de sintomatologia ansiosa, depressiva e de stress, comparativamente ao grupo comunitário, sem diferenças significativas entre grupos quanto ao coping diádico apoiante. No grupo clínico, a pressão financeira associou-se a menores rendimentos familiares e a maior sintomatologia depressiva e no grupo comunitário, a pressão financeira associou-se a níveis superiores de sintomatologia ansiosa, depressiva e stress, não se verificando uma associação da pressão financeira com o coping diádico apoiante em ambos os grupos. O grupo clínico reportou níveis baixos de satisfação, suficiência e de adequação com os apoios educativos e níveis moderados com os apoios terapêuticos. O presente estudo contribui para a identificação de grupos de risco de pressão financeira e desajustamento individual, oferecendo um conjunto de recomendações clínicas e para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas. Palavras-chave: Pressão Financeira; Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo; Pais; Coping Diádico Apoiante; Ajustamento psicológico
The current socio-economic context has generated increasing levels of uncertainty and financial pressure on families, with probable negative correlates in family and individual functioning. This effect may be even more noticeable in families with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), due to the complex and long-term demands that their child's diagnosis entails. This study aimed to: compare the levels of financial strain, couple dyadic coping and individual psychological adjustment between parents with children with ASD and families from the community; examine the correlates of financial strain with sociodemographic and clinical variables, anxiety, depression and stress symptoms and supportive dyadic coping; characterize parental perceptions of the adequacy, sufficiency and satisfaction with the therapeutic and educational support provided to their children with ASD. This was a cross-sectional study whose sample was recruited by convenience, snowball method and self-selection (n = 37 parents in the clinical sample; n = 88 parents in the community sample). Participants answered an online questionnaire, which included sociodemographic and clinical questions (clinical sample), the Family Economic Strain Scale, the Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale and a supportive dyadic coping subscale from the Dyadic Coping Inventory. The clinical group had significantly higher levels of financial strain and anxious, depressive and stress symptoms compared to the community group, with no significant differences between groups in terms of supportive dyadic coping. In the clinical group, financial strain was associated with lower family income and greater depressive symptoms, and in the community group, financial strain was associated with higher levels of anxiety, depression and stress symptoms. There was no association between financial strain and supportive dyadic coping in either groups. The clinical group reported low levels of satisfaction, sufficiency and adequacy with educational support and moderate levels with therapeutic support. This study contributes to the identification of groups at risk of financial strain and lower individual adjustment, offering a set of clinical and public development policy recommendations. Keywords: Financial Strain; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Parents; Supportive Dyadic Coping; Psychological Adjustment
The current socio-economic context has generated increasing levels of uncertainty and financial pressure on families, with probable negative correlates in family and individual functioning. This effect may be even more noticeable in families with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), due to the complex and long-term demands that their child's diagnosis entails. This study aimed to: compare the levels of financial strain, couple dyadic coping and individual psychological adjustment between parents with children with ASD and families from the community; examine the correlates of financial strain with sociodemographic and clinical variables, anxiety, depression and stress symptoms and supportive dyadic coping; characterize parental perceptions of the adequacy, sufficiency and satisfaction with the therapeutic and educational support provided to their children with ASD. This was a cross-sectional study whose sample was recruited by convenience, snowball method and self-selection (n = 37 parents in the clinical sample; n = 88 parents in the community sample). Participants answered an online questionnaire, which included sociodemographic and clinical questions (clinical sample), the Family Economic Strain Scale, the Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale and a supportive dyadic coping subscale from the Dyadic Coping Inventory. The clinical group had significantly higher levels of financial strain and anxious, depressive and stress symptoms compared to the community group, with no significant differences between groups in terms of supportive dyadic coping. In the clinical group, financial strain was associated with lower family income and greater depressive symptoms, and in the community group, financial strain was associated with higher levels of anxiety, depression and stress symptoms. There was no association between financial strain and supportive dyadic coping in either groups. The clinical group reported low levels of satisfaction, sufficiency and adequacy with educational support and moderate levels with therapeutic support. This study contributes to the identification of groups at risk of financial strain and lower individual adjustment, offering a set of clinical and public development policy recommendations. Keywords: Financial Strain; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Parents; Supportive Dyadic Coping; Psychological Adjustment
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PSYCHOLOGY, HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, AUTISM, PARENTHOOD, PARENTAL STRESS, FAMILY ECONOMY, MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA E DA SAÚDE, PSICOLOGIA, PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA, PSICOLOGIA DA SAÚDE, AUTISMO, PARENTALIDADE, ECONOMIA FAMILIAR, Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde