Atividade física e funções executivas em crianças com hiperatividade e défice de atenção: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
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2023
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A Perturbação de Hiperatividade e Défice de Atenção (PHDA) é uma perturbação do neurodesenvolvimento, caracterizada por um padrão persistente de desatenção e/ou impulsividade-hiperatividade, que interfere com o funcionamento ou desenvolvimento do indivíduo. Diversos autores associam estas dificuldades ao comprometimento das funções executivas (FE; e.g., controlo inibitório, memória de trabalho e flexibilidade cognitiva). São vários os estudos empíricos que analisam o impacto de diferentes programas de intervenção para promover as FE na PHDA. Neste contexto, a prática de atividade física (AF) tem recebido particular atenção por parte dos investigadores. Assim, o objetivo principal do presente trabalho foi analisar, criticar e sintetizar a literatura existente sobre o impacto da implementação de programas de AF nas FE de crianças com PHDA através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. De forma a garantir o rigor metodológico, esta revisão seguiu os critérios PICO e as diretrizes PRISMA. Para a pesquisa foram selecionadas as bases de dados ERIC, APA PsycInfo e Academic Search Complete e as seguintes palavras-chave: ADHD OR attention deficit hyperactivity disorder OR ADD OR attention deficit disorder and executive function AND physical activity OR exercise OR fitness OR physical exercise OR sport. Inicialmente, foram encontrados cerca de 370 artigos. Após a fase de elegibilidade, foram incluídos sete estudos por respeitarem os critérios de inclusão/exclusão previamente estabelecidos. Na sequência da implementação de programas de AF, tais como o EXCIR (Exercise for cognitive improvement and rehabilitation), corrida, aeróbica e Exergaming, os resultados evidenciaram efeitos positivos ao nível das FE, nomeadamente no controlo inibitório, na flexibilidade cognitiva e na memória de trabalho. Contudo, nem todos os estudos encontraram efeitos significativos. Em conclusão, a implementação de programas de AF em crianças com PHDA parece promissora. Porém, não existe consenso acerca do seu efeito e a interpretação dos resultados deve ter em consideração as limitações presentes nos estudos incluídos. Palavras-chave: Perturbação de Hiperatividade e Défice de Atenção; Funções Executivas; Atividade Física
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or impulsivity-hyperactivity, which interferes with an individual's functioning or development. Several authors associate these difficulties with the impairment of executive functions (EF; e.g., inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility). There are several empirical studies that analyze the impact of different intervention programs to promote EF in ADHD and in this context, the practice of physical activity (PA) has received particular attention from researchers. So, the main objective of the presente work was to analyze, criticize and synthesize the existing literature on the impact of the implementation of PA programs on the EF of children with ADHD through a systematic literature review. In na effort to ensure methodological rigor, this review followed the PICO criteria and the PRISMA guidelines. The ERIC, APA PsycInfo and Academic Search Complete databases were selected for the research and the following keywords were selected: ADHD OR attention deficit hyperactivity disorder OR ADD OR attention deficit disorder and executive function AND physical activity OR exercise OR fitness OR physical exercise OR sport. Initially, around 370 articles were found. After the eligibility phase, seven studies were included since they met the previously established inclusion/exclusion criteria. Following the implementation of PA programs, such as EXCIR (exercise for cognitive improvement and rehabilitation), running, aerobics and Exergaming, the results showed positive effects in terms of EF, namely in inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and working memory. However, not all studies found significant effects. In conclusion, the implementation of PA programs in children with ADHD seems promising. However, there is no consensus about its effectiveness and the interpretation of results must contemplate the limitations presented in the included studies. Keywords: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Executive Functions; Physical activity
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or impulsivity-hyperactivity, which interferes with an individual's functioning or development. Several authors associate these difficulties with the impairment of executive functions (EF; e.g., inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility). There are several empirical studies that analyze the impact of different intervention programs to promote EF in ADHD and in this context, the practice of physical activity (PA) has received particular attention from researchers. So, the main objective of the presente work was to analyze, criticize and synthesize the existing literature on the impact of the implementation of PA programs on the EF of children with ADHD through a systematic literature review. In na effort to ensure methodological rigor, this review followed the PICO criteria and the PRISMA guidelines. The ERIC, APA PsycInfo and Academic Search Complete databases were selected for the research and the following keywords were selected: ADHD OR attention deficit hyperactivity disorder OR ADD OR attention deficit disorder and executive function AND physical activity OR exercise OR fitness OR physical exercise OR sport. Initially, around 370 articles were found. After the eligibility phase, seven studies were included since they met the previously established inclusion/exclusion criteria. Following the implementation of PA programs, such as EXCIR (exercise for cognitive improvement and rehabilitation), running, aerobics and Exergaming, the results showed positive effects in terms of EF, namely in inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and working memory. However, not all studies found significant effects. In conclusion, the implementation of PA programs in children with ADHD seems promising. However, there is no consensus about its effectiveness and the interpretation of results must contemplate the limitations presented in the included studies. Keywords: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Executive Functions; Physical activity
Descrição
Orientação: Marisa Gomes Felipe Richter-Trummer
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA E DA SAÚDE, PSICOLOGIA, PSYCHOLOGY, DISTÚRBIO DO DÉFICIT DE ATENÇÃO E HIPERATIVIDADE, ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, ATIVIDADE FÍSICA, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, FUNÇÕES EXECUTIVAS, EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS, REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA, BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW