Na rota de Bruxelas : o caminho da Ucrânia na adesão à União Europeia
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2023
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Em conformidade com uma ordem mundial cada vez mais mutável, a procura pelo lugar como principal potência global é competitiva. Este fenómeno é marcado pelas mudanças políticas e conflitos territoriais crescentes. O mais recente é precisamente a invasão da Ucrânia pela Rússia. O principal foco da investigação são as relações entre a União Europeia e a Ucrânia, a partir do momento em que o país se tornou independente e começou a manifestar o seu interesse pelo Ocidente até ao despertar da guerra. O papel da UE como mediador das relações internacionais e promotor da democracia é cada vez mais relevante e tem um grande peso sobre a Europa Oriental, especialmente quando a Ucrânia demonstra uma grande vontade de adesão. Durante o percurso de afirmação como país não pertencente à União Soviética, a Ucrânia acompanhou-se de alguns obstáculos, mais especificamente de duas revoluções e dinâmicas políticas complexas, nas quais a corrupção perdurava. A UE tentou cumprir o seu papel no que diz respeito à Política Europeia de Vizinhança (PEV) englobando a Ucrânia nos mais diversos acordos e parcerias até este obter o estatuto de país candidato. Não obstante e durante esse período ocorreram múltiplos apelos para que a PEV fosse alvo de reformas para mudar a estratégia europeia. Com o pesar da guerra, a UE viu-se obrigada a afirmar-se como um ator geopolítico e redefinir-se geopoliticamente em todas as suas vertentes, sendo que o compromisso da Ucrânia igualmente fundamental para que a adesão seja realizada da forma mais pacífica possível enquanto a Rússia insiste em recuperar o seu território. Palavras-chave: União Europeia; Ucrânia; geopolítica; guerra; Europeização.
In accordance with an increasingly changing world order, the search for a place as the leading global power is competitive. This phenomenon is marked by political changes and growing territorial conflicts. The most recent is precisely Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The main focus of the research is relations between the European Union and Ukraine, from the moment the country became independent and began to express its interest in the West until the outbreak of war. The role of the EU as a mediator of international relations and promoter of democracy is increasingly relevant and has a great influence on Eastern Europe, especially when Ukraine shows a great willingness to join. During its journey to assert itself as a country not belonging to the Soviet Union, Ukraine faced a number of obstacles, specifically two revolutions and complex political dynamics in which corruption persisted. TheEU tried to fulfil its role in the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) by including Ukraine in various agreements and partnerships until it obtained candidate country status. Nevertheless, during this period there were multiple calls for the ENP to be reformed in order to change the European strategy. In the aftermath of the war, the EU was forced to assert itself as a geopolitical actor and redefine itself geopolitically in all its aspects, and Ukraine's commitment is equally fundamental for accession to be carried out as peacefully as possible while Russia insists on recovering its territory. Keywords: European Union; Ukraine; geopolitics; war; Europeanisation
In accordance with an increasingly changing world order, the search for a place as the leading global power is competitive. This phenomenon is marked by political changes and growing territorial conflicts. The most recent is precisely Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The main focus of the research is relations between the European Union and Ukraine, from the moment the country became independent and began to express its interest in the West until the outbreak of war. The role of the EU as a mediator of international relations and promoter of democracy is increasingly relevant and has a great influence on Eastern Europe, especially when Ukraine shows a great willingness to join. During its journey to assert itself as a country not belonging to the Soviet Union, Ukraine faced a number of obstacles, specifically two revolutions and complex political dynamics in which corruption persisted. TheEU tried to fulfil its role in the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) by including Ukraine in various agreements and partnerships until it obtained candidate country status. Nevertheless, during this period there were multiple calls for the ENP to be reformed in order to change the European strategy. In the aftermath of the war, the EU was forced to assert itself as a geopolitical actor and redefine itself geopolitically in all its aspects, and Ukraine's commitment is equally fundamental for accession to be carried out as peacefully as possible while Russia insists on recovering its territory. Keywords: European Union; Ukraine; geopolitics; war; Europeanisation
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POLITICAL SCIENCE, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, DIPLOMACY, GEOPOLITICS, WARS, ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION, EUROPEAN UNION, UKRAINE, MESTRADO EM DIPLOMACIA E RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS, CIÊNCIA POLÍTICA, RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS, DIPLOMACIA, GEOPOLÍTICA, GUERRAS, ADESÃO À UNIÃO EUROPEIA, UNIÃO EUROPEIA, UCRÂNIA, Mestrado em Diplomacia e Relações Internacionais