Prevalência de endometrite em cadelas clinicamente saudáveis
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2024
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A endometrite é reconhecida como uma das principais causas de infertilidade na clínica de grandes animais. Em cadelas, parece ser desencadeada por um atraso na clearance uterina após a inseminação ou por infeções uterinas ascendentes durante o proestro e estro. Apesar de ser uma doença uterina prevalente, a informação disponível nesta espécie é, ainda, limitada. Com o presente estudo, pretendeu-se determinar a prevalência de endometrite em cadelas clinicamente saudáveis, comparar os resultados obtidos por citologia e histopatologia do endométrio e avaliar a frequência e caracterização fenotípica da microbiota uterina. Para tal, foram incluídas 21 cadelas sem presença de tumor uterino nem conteúdo intrauterino (piómetra, mucómetra, hidrómetra e hematómetra), submetidas a ovariectomia (n=17) ou ovariohisterectomia (n=4). A fase do ciclo éstrico foi determinada com recurso à data do último cio, ao intervalo entre cios, à citologia vaginal e à concentração sérica de progesterona. Por via transcervical, foram colhidas amostras para bacteriologia e citologia através de lavagem uterina, seguida de biópsias uterinas para bacteriologia e histopatologia. Nos isolados bacterianos obtidos foi realizada a suscetibilidade a antibióticos pelo método de difusão de disco e interpretada de acordo com os critérios Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. A população em estudo apresentava-se em anestro (n=5) e em proestro (n=16). Numa cadela não foi possível cateterizar o cérvix para a colheita das amostras. Em 65% (n=13) das biópsias uterinas foi identificado tecido endometrial sem infiltrado celular inflamatório. A citologia apresentou resultados indicativos de endometrite em 35% cadelas (n=7). Adicionalmente, 65% (n=13) das cadelas estiveram associadas a crescimento de bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas, das quais, quatro eram multirresistentes. Os resultados histopatológicos sugerem que a endometrite não está presente em cadelas clinicamente saudáveis. Os resultados da citologia do fluido de lavagem uterina não foram concordantes com os de histopatologia. Estes últimos apresentaram limitações associadas à técnica de colheita por via transcervical, que parece não ser a mais adequada para o diagnóstico de endometrite em cadelas sem história de infertilidade. Uma vez que a maioria das cadelas (85%) não foi previamente inseminada, é possível que a endometrite em cadelas possa ser desencadeada pela cópula ou inseminação artificial. A cultura bacteriológica forneceu dados sobre a microbiota do endométrio, incluindo a presença de bactérias multirresistentes em cadelas sem história de antibioterapia. Palavras-chave: endometrite; cadelas; lavagem uterina; microbiota; bactérias multirresistentes
Endometritis is recognized as one of the main causes of infertility in large animal clinics. In female dogs, it appears to be triggered by a delay in uterine clearance following insemination or by ascending uterine infections during proestrus and estrus. Despite being a prevalent uterine disease, with an impact on fertility, information concerning the subject in this species remains limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of endometritis in clinically healthy female dogs, compare findings between endometrial cytology and histopathology, and assess both the frequency and phenotypic characterization of the uterine microbiota. A total of 21 female dogs were included, without uterine tumor nor intrauterine content (pyometra, mucometra, hydrometra and hematometra), which underwent ovariectomy (n=17) or ovariohysterectomy (n=4). Estrous cycle phase was determined based on the last heat, interheat intervals, vaginal cytology, and serum progesterone concentration. Transcervically, samples were collected for bacteriology and cytology through uterine lavage, followed by uterine biopsies for bacteriology and histopathology. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined through the disk diffusion method and interpreted following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria. The study population was presented in anestrus (n=5) and proestrus (n=16). In one case, catheterization of the cervix for sample collection was not feasible. Endometrial tissue was identified in 65% (n=13) of the uterine biopsies, showing no infiltration of inflammatory cells. Cytological analysis indicated evidence of endometritis in 35% (n=7) of female dogs. Furthermore, 65% (n=13) of the female dogs exhibited the growth of Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria, four of which were multidrug-resistant. Histopathological findings suggest that endometritis is not present in clinically healthy female dogs. The uterine lavage fluid cytology findings were not in agreement with the histopathology results. The latter presented limitations related to the transcervical sample technique, which does not seem to be the most suitable for diagnosing endometritis in female dogs without a history of infertility. Since most female dogs (85%) have not been previously inseminated, it is possible that endometritis in this species can be triggered by natural or artificial insemination. Bacteriological culture provided data on the endometrial microbiota, including the presence of multi-resistant bacteria in female dogs with no history of antibiotic therapy. Keywords: endometritis; female dogs; uterine lavage; microbiota; multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Endometritis is recognized as one of the main causes of infertility in large animal clinics. In female dogs, it appears to be triggered by a delay in uterine clearance following insemination or by ascending uterine infections during proestrus and estrus. Despite being a prevalent uterine disease, with an impact on fertility, information concerning the subject in this species remains limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of endometritis in clinically healthy female dogs, compare findings between endometrial cytology and histopathology, and assess both the frequency and phenotypic characterization of the uterine microbiota. A total of 21 female dogs were included, without uterine tumor nor intrauterine content (pyometra, mucometra, hydrometra and hematometra), which underwent ovariectomy (n=17) or ovariohysterectomy (n=4). Estrous cycle phase was determined based on the last heat, interheat intervals, vaginal cytology, and serum progesterone concentration. Transcervically, samples were collected for bacteriology and cytology through uterine lavage, followed by uterine biopsies for bacteriology and histopathology. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined through the disk diffusion method and interpreted following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria. The study population was presented in anestrus (n=5) and proestrus (n=16). In one case, catheterization of the cervix for sample collection was not feasible. Endometrial tissue was identified in 65% (n=13) of the uterine biopsies, showing no infiltration of inflammatory cells. Cytological analysis indicated evidence of endometritis in 35% (n=7) of female dogs. Furthermore, 65% (n=13) of the female dogs exhibited the growth of Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria, four of which were multidrug-resistant. Histopathological findings suggest that endometritis is not present in clinically healthy female dogs. The uterine lavage fluid cytology findings were not in agreement with the histopathology results. The latter presented limitations related to the transcervical sample technique, which does not seem to be the most suitable for diagnosing endometritis in female dogs without a history of infertility. Since most female dogs (85%) have not been previously inseminated, it is possible that endometritis in this species can be triggered by natural or artificial insemination. Bacteriological culture provided data on the endometrial microbiota, including the presence of multi-resistant bacteria in female dogs with no history of antibiotic therapy. Keywords: endometritis; female dogs; uterine lavage; microbiota; multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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VETERINARY MEDICINE, DOGS, ENDOMETRIOSIS, BACTERIA, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, CÃES, ENDOMETRIOSE, MICROBIOTA, BACTÉRIAS, Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária