Caracterização psicológica de mulheres que praticaram crimes violentos : uma revisão sistemática da literatura
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Data
2021
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Enquadramento: A criminalidade violenta perpetrada no feminino tem sido um fenómeno
pouco estudado. A maioria da investigação foca a comparação entre homens e mulheres,
procurando compreender o menor envolvimento das mulheres no crime, ou foca o
historial da vitimação e as situações de adversidade, obscurecendo a caracterização
psicológica.
Objetivo: Obter uma descrição detalhada da literatura e dos estudos sobre a caracterização
psicológica das mulheres que praticam crimes violentos.
Método: Revisão sistemática, utilizando as guidelines do PRISMA-P. Elaboraram-se
critérios de elegibilidade para a seleção das publicações e a pesquisa foi realizada em 7
bases de dados eletrónicas. O processo foi efetuado por dois investigadores
independentes.
Resultados: Os estudos são quase todos de natureza quantitativa, de design transversal
retrospetivo, com recolha de dados no sistema prisional. Há uma variabilidade no tipo de
estudos quanto à utilização de grupos de controlo. A maioria dos estudos são
desenvolvidos na Europa, principalmente nos países do Norte. Os estudos tendem a
recorrer a uma variabilidade de instrumentos de recolha (bases de dados do sistema
prisional, instrumentos de autorrelato e entrevistas). Dependendo das amostras utilizadas,
os resultados apontam para resultados contraditórios.
Conclusão: Quando os estudos utilizam apenas amostras de mulheres que praticaram
crimes violentos, tendem a apontar para a existência de problemas de saúde mental,
principalmente perturbações de personalidade. Quando os estudos utilizam amostras
comparativas os resultados começam a ser menos consistentes. Apesar desta diversidade,
identificam-se alguns indicadores psicológicos transversais e/ou mais consensuais.
Background: Violent crime perpetrated by women has been a poorly studied phenomenon. Most of the investigation focuses on the comparison between men and women, seeking to understand the lesser involvement of women in crime, or focuses on the history of victimization and situations of adversity, obscuring the psychological characterization. Objective: To obtain a detailed description of the literature and studies on the psychological characterization of women who commit violent crimes. Method: Systematic review, using the PRISMA-P guidelines. Eligibility criteria were developed for the selection of publications and the research was carried out in 7 electronic databases. The process was carried out by two independent researchers. Results: The studies are almost all quantitative, with a retrospective cross-sectional design, with data collection in the prison system. There is a variability in the type of studies regarding the use of control groups. Most studies are carried out in Europe, mainly in the countries of the North. Studies tend to use a variety of collection instruments (databases of the prison system, self-report instruments and interviews). Depending on the samples used, the results point to contradictory results. Conclusion: When studies use only samples of women who have committed violent crimes, they tend to point to the existence of mental health problems, mainly personality disorders. When studies use comparative samples, the results start to be less consistent. Despite this diversity, some transversal and / or more consensual psychological indicators are identified.
Background: Violent crime perpetrated by women has been a poorly studied phenomenon. Most of the investigation focuses on the comparison between men and women, seeking to understand the lesser involvement of women in crime, or focuses on the history of victimization and situations of adversity, obscuring the psychological characterization. Objective: To obtain a detailed description of the literature and studies on the psychological characterization of women who commit violent crimes. Method: Systematic review, using the PRISMA-P guidelines. Eligibility criteria were developed for the selection of publications and the research was carried out in 7 electronic databases. The process was carried out by two independent researchers. Results: The studies are almost all quantitative, with a retrospective cross-sectional design, with data collection in the prison system. There is a variability in the type of studies regarding the use of control groups. Most studies are carried out in Europe, mainly in the countries of the North. Studies tend to use a variety of collection instruments (databases of the prison system, self-report instruments and interviews). Depending on the samples used, the results point to contradictory results. Conclusion: When studies use only samples of women who have committed violent crimes, they tend to point to the existence of mental health problems, mainly personality disorders. When studies use comparative samples, the results start to be less consistent. Despite this diversity, some transversal and / or more consensual psychological indicators are identified.
Descrição
Orientação: Ana Rita Conde Dias
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA DA JUSTIÇA, PSICOLOGIA, CRIMINALIDADE FEMININA, CRIMES VIOLENTOS, SAÚDE MENTAL, REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA, PSYCHOLOGY, FEMALE CRIMINALITY, VIOLENT CRIMES, MENTAL HEALTH, BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW