Parasitas pulmonares e gastrointestinais em gatos domésticos da área metropolitana de lisboa, portugal : prevalência e fatores de risco
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2025
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As infeções por endoparasitas têm um impacto significativo na saúde dos gatos, podendo estar na origem de quadros de doença gastrointestinal ou pulmonar. Adicionalmente, alguns dos parasitas que estes felídeos podem albergar têm potencial zoonótico, constituindo, consequentemente, um risco para a saúde pública. O presente estudo teve como objetivo providenciar dados atuais sobre a prevalência da infeção por parasitas gastrointestinais e pulmonares em gatos da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa (AML), e explorar possíveis fatores de risco associados. Entre novembro de 2022 e maio de 2023, foram obtidas amostras fecais de 116 gatos domésticos, gatos de criadores e gatos errantes/de abrigo. A pesquisa de endoparasitas foi realizada pelos métodos de flutuação com centrifugação, sedimentação e Baermann-Wetzel, modificados. A infeção por parasitas gastrointestinais e/ou pulmonares foi diagnosticada em 25,0% dos gatos amostrados (29/116). Giardia duodenalis (8,6%; 10/116) foi o parasita mais prevalente, seguido de Cystoisospora spp. (6,9%; 8/116), Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (4,3%; 5/116), ancilostomídeos (3,4%; 4/116), Toxascaris leonina (3,4%; 4/116), Toxocara cati (2,6%; 3/116), Tritrichomonas foetus (0,9%; 1/116), Dipylidium caninum (0,9%; 1/116) e Eucoleus aerophilus (0,9%; 1/116). Onze dos 29 (9,5%) animais parasitados, apresentavam infeções mistas. A análise estatística revelou que o risco de infeção por parasitas gastrointestinais e pulmonares é significativamente superior em gatos com perda de consistência fecal e em gatos errantes/abrigo. O presente estudo demonstra que a prevalência da infeção por parasitas gastrointestinais e pulmonares não é negligenciável, sugerindo-se, adicionalmente, que a perda de consistência fecal e o estilo de vida possam ser preditores de infeção por endoparasitas em gatos. O facto de G. duodenalis ser o parasita encontrado com maior frequência em gatos da AML, motiva a realização de estudos adicionais de genotipagem dos parasitas, por forma a clarificar o risco para a saúde pública através de uma abordagem baseada no conceito de "Uma Só Saúde".
Endoparasitic infections have a significant impact on feline health, potentially leading to gastrointestinal and pulmonary diseases. Additionally, some of the parasites that these felids may harbor have zoonotic potential, thus posing a risk to public health. The present study aimed to provide current data on the prevalence of gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasitic infections in cats from the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) and to explore potential risk factors associated with these infections. Between November 2022 and May 2023, 116 fecal samples were collected from 116 domestic cats, breeder cats, and stray/shelter cats. The detection of endoparasites was performed using modified centrifugal flotation, sedimentation, and Baermann-Wetzel methods. Infection with gastrointestinal and/or pulmonary parasites was diagnosed in 25,0% of the sampled cats (29/116). Giardia duodenalis (8,6%; 10/116) was the most prevalent parasite, followed by Cystoisospora spp. (6,9%; 8/116), Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (4,3%; 5/116), hookworms (3,4%; 4/116), Toxascaris leonina (3,4%; 4/116), Toxocara cati (2,6%; 3/116), Tritrichomonas foetus (0,9%; 1/116), Dipylidium caninum (0,9%; 1/116), and Eucoleus aerophilus (0,9%; 1/116). Eleven out of the 29 (9,5%) parasitized animals presented mixed infections. Statistical analysis revealed that the risk of gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasitic infection was significantly higher in cats with fecal consistency loss and in stray/shelter cats. The present study demonstrates that the prevalence of gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasitic infections is not negligible, further suggesting that fecal consistency loss and lifestyle factors may serve as predictors of endoparasitic infections in cats. The fact that G. duodenalis was the most frequently found parasite in cats from the LMA justifies further genotyping studies of the parasites to clarify the public health risk through a One Health approach.
Endoparasitic infections have a significant impact on feline health, potentially leading to gastrointestinal and pulmonary diseases. Additionally, some of the parasites that these felids may harbor have zoonotic potential, thus posing a risk to public health. The present study aimed to provide current data on the prevalence of gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasitic infections in cats from the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) and to explore potential risk factors associated with these infections. Between November 2022 and May 2023, 116 fecal samples were collected from 116 domestic cats, breeder cats, and stray/shelter cats. The detection of endoparasites was performed using modified centrifugal flotation, sedimentation, and Baermann-Wetzel methods. Infection with gastrointestinal and/or pulmonary parasites was diagnosed in 25,0% of the sampled cats (29/116). Giardia duodenalis (8,6%; 10/116) was the most prevalent parasite, followed by Cystoisospora spp. (6,9%; 8/116), Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (4,3%; 5/116), hookworms (3,4%; 4/116), Toxascaris leonina (3,4%; 4/116), Toxocara cati (2,6%; 3/116), Tritrichomonas foetus (0,9%; 1/116), Dipylidium caninum (0,9%; 1/116), and Eucoleus aerophilus (0,9%; 1/116). Eleven out of the 29 (9,5%) parasitized animals presented mixed infections. Statistical analysis revealed that the risk of gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasitic infection was significantly higher in cats with fecal consistency loss and in stray/shelter cats. The present study demonstrates that the prevalence of gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasitic infections is not negligible, further suggesting that fecal consistency loss and lifestyle factors may serve as predictors of endoparasitic infections in cats. The fact that G. duodenalis was the most frequently found parasite in cats from the LMA justifies further genotyping studies of the parasites to clarify the public health risk through a One Health approach.
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MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, EPIDEMIOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA, PARASITAS, FELÍDEOS, GATOS, DOENÇAS PARASITÁRIAS, CONTROLO DE INFEÇÕES, SAÚDE ANIMAL, SAÚDE PÚBLICA, ÁREA METROPOLITANA DE LISBOA, VETERINARY MEDICINE, ANIMAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, PARASITES, FELIDS, CATS, PARASITIC DISEASES, INFECTION CONTROL, ANIMAL HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH, LISBON METROPOLITAN AREA