Mastocitomas cutâneos em cãe: análise dos protocolos de tratamento usado em cinco casos clínicos
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2017
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Os mastocitomas são neoplasias comuns em cães, representando 10 a 20% de todos os tumores cutâneos nesta espécie. A elevada prevalência desta doença neoplásica, bem como o seu comportamento biológico por vezes imprevisível, tornam o seu diagnóstico e tratamento muito importantes.
O diagnóstico é, na maioria das vezes, obtido através de citologia aspirativa do nódulo, embora em alguns casos seja necessário realizar biopsia incisional para análise histológica. Após confirmação do diagnóstico, é necessário determinar qual a abordagem terapêutica mais adequada a cada caso, o que depende de diversos parâmetros, nomeadamente da localização da massa primária, do tamanho, do grau histológico e da extensão da disseminação da doença.
Esta dissertação teve como objectivo documentar casos práticos de mastocitomas em cães e analisar os respectivos protocolos de tratamento aplicados. Para esse efeito, foram estudados cinco casos de mastocitoma cutâneo consultados no Hospital Veterinário Sul do Tejo, tendo-se abordado algumas modalidades terapêuticas, entre elas a exérese cirúrgica, a quimioterapia e o tratamento com inibidores de tirosinas cinases.
Verificou-se que a maioria dos casos de mastocitomas cutâneos caninos foram diagnosticados através de citologia. O estadio clínico foi realizado de forma completa em apenas um dos cães e a forma de tratamento mais empregue foi a excisão cirúrgica dos nódulos. Constatou-se que as condições socioeconómicas dos proprietários foram um dos factores mais importantes na tomada de decisão sobre a escolha da modalidade de tratamento, mesmo que em quatro casos não tivesse sido a mais indicada sob o ponto de vista médico. Constatou-se também que é necessário melhorar a metodologia clínica adotada na abordagem aos casos de oncologia
Mast cell tumors are common tumors in dogs, accounting for 10 to 20% of all cutaneous tumors in this species. The high prevalence of this neoplastic disease, as well as its sometimes unpredictable biological behavior, makes its diagnosis and treatment very important. Diagnosis is most often obtained through cytology of the nodules, although in some cases it’s necessary to do an incisional biopsy for a correct histopathological analysis. After the diagnosis, the therapeutical approach must be decided and carefully selected to each case, depending on several parameters, such as the location of the primary mass, tumor size, histological grade and extent of disease spread. This dissertation aimed to document practical cases of mastocytomas in dogs and their treatment protocols. For this purpose, five cases of cutaneous mastocytoma, including several therapeutic modalities, such as surgical excision, chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, were studied and analyzed at Hospital Veterinário Sul do Tejo. It was found that the majority of the cases were diagnosed by cytology. The clinical stage was performed completely in two of the dogs and the treatment most often used was the surgical excision of the nodules. It was verified that the socioeconomic difficulties of the owners were the most important factor for the decision making of the treatment modality, even though in four cases it was not the best therapy to implement. It was also found that it is necessary to improve the clinical methodology adopted in the approach of oncology cases.
Mast cell tumors are common tumors in dogs, accounting for 10 to 20% of all cutaneous tumors in this species. The high prevalence of this neoplastic disease, as well as its sometimes unpredictable biological behavior, makes its diagnosis and treatment very important. Diagnosis is most often obtained through cytology of the nodules, although in some cases it’s necessary to do an incisional biopsy for a correct histopathological analysis. After the diagnosis, the therapeutical approach must be decided and carefully selected to each case, depending on several parameters, such as the location of the primary mass, tumor size, histological grade and extent of disease spread. This dissertation aimed to document practical cases of mastocytomas in dogs and their treatment protocols. For this purpose, five cases of cutaneous mastocytoma, including several therapeutic modalities, such as surgical excision, chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, were studied and analyzed at Hospital Veterinário Sul do Tejo. It was found that the majority of the cases were diagnosed by cytology. The clinical stage was performed completely in two of the dogs and the treatment most often used was the surgical excision of the nodules. It was verified that the socioeconomic difficulties of the owners were the most important factor for the decision making of the treatment modality, even though in four cases it was not the best therapy to implement. It was also found that it is necessary to improve the clinical methodology adopted in the approach of oncology cases.
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Orientação: Andreia Santos
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MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, CANÍDEOS, CÃES, MASTOCITOMAS, ONCOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA, NEOPLASIAS, PELE, CASOS CLÍNICOS, VETERINARY MEDICINE, CANIDS, DOGS, MAST CELL TUMOR, VETERINARY ONCOLOGY, NEOPLASMS, SKIN, CASE REPORTS, PROTOCOLOS CLÍNICOS, CLINICAL PROTOCOLS